Determination of External Ear Indices by Digital Photometry among Adult Population

Abstract

Background: External ear is a defining feature of the face as it contributes to facial aesthetics by its appearance and symmetry. Its shape and size is influenced by age, sex and ethnic origin. Features of auricle had long been recognized as an important anthropological variable for studying racial variability and for identifying few genetic abnormalities at an early stage of life. Out of all available methods to study external ear indices, digital photometry is most convenient and useful method. Objectives: To study external ear indices using digital photometry among adult population. Methods: The present cross sectional study consisted of 500 adult subjects between 20 to 30 years of age. Patients with malignancies, previous surgery or trauma to the earlobe, or congenital earlobe anomalies were excluded. Ear features were then captured using a digital camera mounted on stand. Various soft tissue landmarks were tagged on the photo and the various tagged points were connected on the photo. Different parameters on right and left ear were measured. The indices like auricular, lobular and conchal were computed. The measurements were statistically analyzed by calculating their mean and standard deviations. Results: There were 250 women and 250 men. Oval shape of auricle was more common both in males as well as in females. Auricular and conchal index in males as well as females on right and left side were statistically insignificant. These indices were significantly different in both genders. Lobular index in males on right and left side was statistically not significant, but was significant in females. Gender wise lobular index on right side was statistically significant. Conclusion: The result of the present study also can be used in the field of Forensic Science for excluding criminals.  Ear Biometrics is a promising new passive approach to Human Identification system used for screening people. This knowledge will be useful in designing a new identification tool-‘Ear Biometrics’