試論陶淵明〈讀《山海經》〉組詩中寄寓的生命情懷

Abstract

本文試圖從「三重意識」切入，對陶淵明神話世界的理想模型進行剖析。〈讀《山海經》十三首〉是陶淵明馳騁於廣袤無垠的《山海經》神話世界後有感而發所寫就的一組詩，內容除了描繪《山海經》裡的神話人物與仙境景色外，更多的是寄寓陶公生命情懷的感悟之言。如何從中獲得自我生命的指引方向？筆者試從三個面向加以探析：其一，以「悲劇意識」突破有限生命的枷鎖；其二，以「託諷寄慨」全性保真超然於物外；其三，寓「理想世界」於樸實的田園生活中。隨著此一生命寶庫大門的開啟，〈讀《山海經》〉組詩中遊仙的意境與神話的幻趣所呈顯的內在真實義也將如雲開日現般展現其耀人光芒，世人也將體會「俯仰終宇宙，不樂復何如」的生命境界所帶來的意趣。  From the perspective of “triple cognition”, The author attempts to analyze the ideal model of Tao Yuanming’s world of mythology. “The Thirteen Poems after Reading Shanhaijing” was written by Tao Yuanming based on his reflections of the world in Shanhaijing, also known as The Classic of Mountains and Seas. The contents of the poems include the description of the fable characters and the wonderlands in Shanhaijing world. In addition, there are words delivering Mr. Tao’s thoughts toward the live. How to figure out the life direction from the poems? The author tries to analyze it from three perspectives. First, breaking the limit of life span with “tragic cognition”; second, using sarcasm to deliver Tao’s feelings to the matters so as to secure his true nature; third, placing the “ideal world” in his unadorned farming life. Following the unveil of the life treasure, reading the poems can reflect the realm of the wandering fairies and the fantasy of the mythology, and the reflection of the inner truth will shine through the cloud like the sun. In that way, people may be able to realize the meaning of free from the bond of secular fairs and being unified with the universe as well as the pleasure within.