Synthesis of the CCII- using the nullor concept

Abstract

The synthesis of a CCII- using the nullor concept is presented. First, the properties of the nullor and MI- are introduced. Second, two CCII- designs are proposed through synthesizing the nullor with either an opamp or a BJT. The frequency response is further computed with SPICE. Finally, the implementation of a CCII-based bandpass filter shows its suitability for low voltage applications.