Young, Restless and Deist (Briefly)

D. Hart
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Abstract

Chapter 2 traces the intellectual genealogy of the young Benjamin Franklin during a time when he was the most free-spirited and least restrained by social conventions. At age seventeen, having learnt the printing trade, he left Boston. For almost three years, while attempting to find regular work as a printer first in Philadelphia and then London, Franklin continued to read widely and think deep thoughts about his place in the universe. This was the period when he espoused deism and wrote (and published) a short treatise on predestination and determinism (subsequently destroyed) as well as A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity. The chapter discusses the influence on Franklin of the Earl of Shaftesbury, John Locke, and William Wollaston. In 1726, Franklin produced Articles of Belief and Acts of Religion.
年轻、躁动与自然神论
第二章追溯了年轻的本杰明·富兰克林的知识谱系,当时他最自由,最不受社会习俗的约束。17岁时,他学会了印刷贸易,离开了波士顿。在将近三年的时间里,富兰克林先是在费城,后来在伦敦,试图找到一份印刷工的固定工作,同时他继续广泛阅读,深刻思考自己在宇宙中的地位。这是他信奉自然神论的时期,他写了(并出版了)一篇关于宿命论和决定论的短文(后来被毁了),还有一篇关于自由和必然性的论文。这一章讨论了沙夫茨伯里伯爵、约翰·洛克和威廉·沃拉斯顿对富兰克林的影响。1726年,富兰克林制定了《信仰条例》和《宗教条例》。
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