Possiamo ottenere un cambiamento dello stile di vita significativo e stabile nel tempo?

Il Diabete Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI:10.30682/ildia2301a
P. Moghetti
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Abstract

Lifestyle is universally considered a fundamental issue in the preven¬tion and therapy of both type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, implementation at a general population level of recom¬mendations resulting from available evidence is largely insufficient. In particular, only a limited fraction of the general population meets the recommended levels of aerobic physical activity, and individuals meeting the recommended levels of resistance physical activity are even less. Interestingly, there is further reduction in these proportions in subjects with prediabetes and especially in those with type 2 diabe¬tes. It is noteworthy that people with or at risk for diabetes represent a significant proportion of the general population, show objective evi¬dence of impaired exercise capacity, for different mechanisms, and fre¬quently have long-standing sedentary habits, difficult to be changed. All these aspects should be taken into account, when designing in-tervention programs aimed at improving the current situation. As re¬gards the possibility of a stable increase in physical exercise levels and reduction in sedentary habits of individuals with diabetes, available data are limited. However, they indicate that it is possible to improve these aspects in a significant proportion of subjects. Behavioral chan¬ges reported in studies are generally smaller than the prefixed impro¬vements, but sufficient to obtain favorable and clinically significant effects. Interventions applied in these programs show several shortco¬mings, indicating the need for a continuous revision of strategies.
随着时间的推移,我们能实现有意义和稳定的生活方式改变吗?
生活方式被普遍认为是预防和治疗2型糖尿病和代谢综合征的一个基本问题。然而,根据现有证据得出的建议在一般人群层面上的实施在很大程度上是不足的。特别是,只有一小部分普通人群达到推荐的有氧运动水平,而达到推荐的抵抗运动水平的人就更少了。有趣的是,在糖尿病前期,尤其是2型糖尿病患者中,这一比例进一步降低。值得注意的是,糖尿病患者或有糖尿病风险的人在普通人群中占很大比例,客观证据表明,由于不同的机制,运动能力受损,并且经常有长期久坐的习惯,难以改变。在设计旨在改善现状的干预方案时,应考虑到所有这些方面。至于糖尿病患者稳定增加体育锻炼水平和减少久坐习惯的可能性,现有数据有限。然而,他们表明,在很大比例的科目中,这些方面是有可能改善的。研究中报告的行为改变通常小于先前的改善,但足以获得有利的临床显著效果。在这些项目中应用的干预措施显示出若干不足,表明需要不断修订战略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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