DIGESTIVE DISORDERS IN THE ORAL CAVITY

K. Earar, Galati Romania Pharmacy, Dragos Nicola Fratila
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Abstract

The progress made in fundamental medical research over the past decades, the scientific acquisitions in the field of genetics, molecular biology and biochemistry in relation to the explosive development of investigative technologies have revolutionized the clinical approach to many pathological entities, practically opening a new era in the evolution of clinical medicine. Dental medicine, as a science, feels the massive impact of the needs for knowledge and relaunches the interest of research in all its subspecialties. From this perspective, these are legitimized not only through the crisis in managing the immense volume of information, but also through the openings offered to the framework of conceptualizing and defining the identity of this branch of medicine, related to the need to particularize the specific problems in this discipline. Digestion is a fundamental process in the survival of an organism. It begins in the oral cavity, where the bolus is formed, and continues in the stomach, forming the chyme, which then reaches the small intestine and transforms into the chyle. Through mastication, the surface of food increases, thus the enzymes are able to act more easily on the substrate. The first enzymes to act on food are the salivary ones - salivary amylase, lingual lipase. Mastication is regulated through the contact of food with receptors in the oral cavity. These will send impulses by way of the trigeminal nerve towards the centre of mastication - located in the bolus. From the bolus, they will start the signals on the efferent pathway (trigeminal, hypoglossal and facial nerves) that will reach the masticatory muscles. Mechanical digestion (mastication) can thus begin. Mechanical digestion in the oral cavity results from mastication. During mastication, the food is manipulated by the tongue, crushed by the teeth and mixed with saliva. Concomitant with mechanical digestion, the chemical digestion takes place through the action of saliva. There are two types of salivary glands in the oral cavity: large glands - parotid, sublingual, submandibular and small glands - disseminated throughout the oral cavity. Within 24 hours, up to 1.5 liters of saliva are secreted, 99% of which is represented by water. The remaining 1% consists of enzymes, mucus, nitrogen content. After finalizing mastication, deglutition begins. This mechanical process consists of thrusting the bolus from the mouth towards the stomach, using the esophagus.
口腔消化系统紊乱
在过去的几十年里,基础医学研究取得了进步,遗传学、分子生物学和生物化学领域的科学成果与调查技术的爆炸性发展有关,使许多病理实体的临床方法发生了革命性的变化,实际上开启了临床医学发展的新时代。牙科医学作为一门科学,感受到了知识需求的巨大影响,并重新启动了对其所有子专业的研究兴趣。从这个角度来看,这些都是合法的,不仅通过管理大量信息的危机,而且通过提供概念化和定义这一医学分支身份的框架的机会,这与将这一学科的具体问题具体化的需要有关。消化是生物体生存的一个基本过程。它开始于口腔,在那里形成小丸,并继续在胃,形成食糜,然后到达小肠,转化为乳糜。通过咀嚼,食物的表面增加,因此酶能够更容易地作用于底物。首先作用于食物的酶是唾液酶——唾液淀粉酶、舌脂酶。咀嚼是通过食物与口腔内受体的接触来调节的。它们会通过三叉神经向位于脑丸的咀嚼中枢发送脉冲。从这个球开始,他们将开始在传出通路(三叉神经、舌下神经和面神经)上接收信号,这些信号将到达咀嚼肌。机械消化(咀嚼)就这样开始了。口腔内的机械消化是由咀嚼引起的。在咀嚼过程中,食物由舌头控制,由牙齿压碎,并与唾液混合。在机械消化的同时,化学消化通过唾液的作用发生。口腔中有两种类型的唾液腺:大的腺体——腮腺、舌下、下颌下和小的腺体——分布在整个口腔中。在24小时内,唾液分泌量高达1.5升,其中99%是水。剩下的1%由酶、粘液、氮含量组成。完成咀嚼后,开始吞咽。这一机械过程包括通过食道将丸剂从口腔推向胃。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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