ANALYSIS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING STRUCTURE AND FORTIFICATION FACILITIES OF THE CITY OF LVIV ACCORDING TO THE MAP OF JEAN DOETSCH 1770 (1750)

Abstract

The article analyzes the plan of the city of Lviv by Jean Doetsch from 1770 - one of the first cartographic sources to the history of the city. The significance of the plan for the scientific reconstruction of the state of the architectural and town-planning structures of the city for the second half of the 18th century is revealed. The hypothesis that the map was made for educational and military purposes is substantiated. This is evidenced by a careful fixation of the fortification structure of the city center, indicating the number of lines of defensive walls, fossas, gates, other elements. Many objects depicted on the plan were lost at a later time, so their identification, analysis of the planning structure are important to preserve information about them. Brief characteristics are given for such objects. The peculiarity of Doetsch's map is that the plan of the High Castle which is presented twice on the sheet. The image of the inventory plan of the ruins of the High Castle is placed in a separate vignette in the lower left corner of the map. This image is a unique material that accurately conveys the nature of the fortifications of the complex and indicates its real state in the second half of the XVIII century. This plan of the castle made in a more detailed scale than the map. Another image of the High Castle, painted directly "in situ" on the mountain, does not show the correct configuration and planimetric structure of the object. We consider this image as a project of modernization of the castle fortifications, which was crossed out from an unknown source. Such special attention to the High Castle, a medieval defensive object, also, in our opinion, demonstrates the didactic purposes of compiling the map. The map as a whole accurately conveys the urban structure of Lviv in the second half of the eighteenth century and is a very valuable source for studying its history and architecture. Also valuable is the information with the list of the main objects of Lviv included in the vignette-explication of “Nomina Locorum” to the map, although there are some mistakes regarding the name and numbering of individual objects. The plans of a number of objects of Lviv from that time - St. George's Cathedral, St. John's Church near the High Castle, the Jesuit Garden, Armenian monasteries in the Krakow suburbs, some palace complexes that no longer exist today have a particular value. The question remains why Doetsch's plan does not depict two defensive bastion lines built around the Krakow and Halych suburbs in the 17th century: the so-called F. Getkant's line (from the 1630s) and Jan Berentz's defensive belt (from the 1670s). At the time of compiling the map, they still existed and were the dominant defense complexes in the panorama and landscape of the city. As a separate study, the analysis and identification of the location of the palace of the royal mayor A. Moszinsky on the basis of J. Doetsch's map was performed. We consider this a good example of using the informative potential of the map.