Influence of Waters in Silvofishery Ponds on Wonorejo Mangroves That Contaminated by Heavy Metals Pb, Cd, and Cu toward Aquaculture Animals

Abstract

: Wonorejo silvofishery ponds obtained fresh water from two rivers, namely Jagir River and Afour River which flow through the city of Surabaya before entering Wonorejo mangroves area. The white shrimp and milkfish that have been cultivated in silvofishery pond often fail to be harvested. Preliminary observations found that Pb content in Wonorejo ponds reached 0.082 ppm. The purpose of this study is to determine the toxicity of waters in the Wonorejo silvofishery ponds that contaminated with heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cu) toward Chanos chanos and Penaeus merquiensis. The results of the tests revealed that the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cu in R. Avour were 0.284; 0.0380; and 0.017 ppm respectively. On the other hand, the concentration of Pb in the pond water is 0.304; 0.047; and 0.024 ppm. Laboratory test shows that milkfish can survive in the condition where water is contaminated by heavy metals until the concentration increases ten times from the concentration of metals in nature, as long as the other environmental parameters are appropiate. Meanwhile, white shrimp cannot survive more than two days in these conditions.