FOUR-FACTOR RESPONSE SURFACE OPTIMIZATION AND ENGINE EMISSION ANALYSIS OF RUBBER SEED OIL BIODIESEL

International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Review Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI:10.52267/ijaser.2021.2501

Umeuzuegbu Jonah Chukwudi, Uruabani Chkwuebuka

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Abstract

Fossil fuel, the major sources of world energy needs is beset with the problems of rapid depletion and negative environmental impact. Among the various alternatives investigated for diesel replacement, biodiesel has emerged the most suitable. This research work focused on response surface optimization and engine emission analysis of rubber seed oil (RSO) biodiesel. The oil from rubber seed was solvent extracted and characterized based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) method. The fatty acid profile and the oil functional groups were determined using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy respectively. The effect of process parameters on the yield of rubber seed oil biodiesel or rubber seed oil fatty acid methyl ester (RSOFAME) was investigated using one factor at a time method. The process parameters and RSOFAME yield were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The engine emission analysis of RSOFAME, diesel and their blends was carried out using Perkin 4:108 diesel engine. The oil content of RSO was determined as 40.02%. The RSO physiochemical properties were determined as, acid value, free fatty acid, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value, kinematic viscosity, fire point, flash point, cloud point, pour point, refractive index specific gravity, moisture content, and density, 28.72mgKOHg-1, 14.36%, 185.66mgKOHg-1 120.4gI2100g-1, 14.62meqkg-1, 38.5mm2s-1 @ 400C, 1800C, 1320C, 60C, 20C 1.428, 0.92, 7%, 920Kgm-3, respectively. The RSOFAME fuel properties were determined as, density, kinematic viscosity, cetane number, flash point, cloud point, water content, acid value, calorific value, iodine value, and pour point, 880kgm-3 4.25mm2s-1 58.2, 1640C, 40C. 0.44%, 0.32mgKOHg-1, 38.5MJkg-1,72gI2100g-1, 20C, respectively. The optimum conditions suggested by the result analysis for maximum RSOFAME yield of 93% within the ranges studied were: methanol to oil molar ratio 7:1, catalyst concentration 0.75%wt, reaction temperature 500C, reaction time 45 minutes. Actual experiment based on the optimum conditions produced 91.79% yield of RSOFAME. The engine emission analysis revealed that carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission increased with increase in engine load. At a specific engine load, CO and HC emission decreased with increase in biodiesel fraction while NOx increased with increase of biodiesel fraction. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Review

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橡胶籽油生物柴油四因素响应面优化及发动机排放分析

化石燃料是世界能源需求的主要来源，但它面临着迅速耗竭和对环境产生不利影响的问题。在各种替代柴油的研究中，生物柴油是最合适的。本研究的重点是橡胶籽油生物柴油的响应面优化和发动机排放分析。采用美国材料试验学会(ASTM)方法对橡胶籽油进行溶剂提取和表征。采用气相色谱-质谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱分别测定了脂肪酸谱和油官能团。采用单因素法研究了工艺参数对橡胶籽油生物柴油和橡胶籽油脂肪酸甲酯(RSOFAME)收率的影响。采用响应面法(RSM)对工艺参数和RSOFAME收率进行优化。采用Perkin 4:108柴油机对RSOFAME、柴油及其混合燃料进行了发动机排放分析。测定其含油量为40.02%。测定了RSO的理化性质:酸值、游离脂肪酸、皂化值、碘值、过氧化值、运动粘度、燃点、闪点、浊点、凝点、折射率比重、含水率、密度分别为28.72mgKOHg-1、14.36%、185.66mgKOHg-1 120.4gI2100g-1、14.62meqkg-1、38.5mm2s-1， @ 400C、1800C、1320C、60C、20C、1.428、0.92、7%、920Kgm-3。测定RSOFAME燃料的性能为:密度、运动粘度、十六烷值、闪点、浊点、水含量、酸值、热值、碘值、倾点:880kkg -3 4.25mm2s-1 58.2、1640C、40C。0.44%、0.32mgKOHg-1、38.5MJkg-1、72gI2100g-1、20C。结果分析表明，在研究范围内，RSOFAME收率最高可达93%的最佳条件为:甲醇与油的摩尔比为7:1，催化剂浓度为0.75%wt，反应温度为500C，反应时间为45 min。在此条件下进行的实际实验中，RSOFAME的产率为91.79%。发动机排放分析表明，随着发动机负荷的增加，一氧化碳(CO)、碳氢化合物(HC)和氮氧化物(NOx)的排放量增加。在一定发动机负荷下，CO和HC排放量随生物柴油馏分的增加而降低，NOx排放量随生物柴油馏分的增加而增加。国际应用科学与工程评论杂志

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International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Review

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