A machine learning based biased-sampling approach for planning safe trajectories in complex, dynamic traffic-scenarios

Amit Chaulwar, M. Botsch, W. Utschick
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引用次数: 9

Abstract

Many variants of the Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) algorithm use biased-sampling strategies for solving computationally intensive tasks. One of such tasks is the planning of safe trajectories with the simultaneous intervention in both the longitudinal and the lateral dynamics of the vehicle in complex traffic-scenarios with multiple static and dynamic objects. A recently proposed hybrid statistical learning approach uses a 3D convolutional neural network (3D-ConvNet) to predict suitable longitudinal acceleration profiles in combination with an RRT variant called the Augmented CL-RRT algorithm. This algorithm is not effective in complex traffic-scenarios, i.e., traffic scenarios with more than 4 dynamic objects, because of the lack of flexibility and biasing in the longitudinal and the lateral dynamics intervention, respectively. Therefore, an extension to the Augmented CL-RRT algorithm is introduced to improve the longitudinal dynamics intervention with actuator and stable profile constraints and named as the Augmented CL-RRT+ algorithm. A biased-sampling strategy is also proposed based on the predicted longitudinal acceleration and steering wheel angle profiles provided by a trained 3D-ConvNet. Simulations are performed to compare different trajectory planning algorithms based on efficiency and safety. The results show vast improvements in terms of the efficiency without harming the safety.
一种基于机器学习的偏采样方法,用于规划复杂动态交通场景中的安全轨迹
快速探索随机树(RRT)算法的许多变体使用偏采样策略来解决计算密集型任务。其中一项任务是在具有多个静态和动态目标的复杂交通场景中,同时干预车辆的纵向和横向动力学的情况下规划安全轨迹。最近提出的一种混合统计学习方法使用3D卷积神经网络(3D- convnet)来预测合适的纵向加速度曲线,并结合一种称为增强CL-RRT算法的RRT变体。该算法在复杂交通场景下,即动态对象超过4个的交通场景下,由于纵向和横向动态干预缺乏灵活性和偏性,导致效果不佳。为此,提出了一种增强CL-RRT算法的扩展,以改进具有执行器和稳定轮廓约束的纵向动力学干预,并将其命名为增强CL-RRT+算法。同时提出了一种基于三维卷积神经网络预测的纵向加速度和方向盘角度轮廓的偏采样策略。仿真比较了基于效率和安全性的不同轨迹规划算法。结果表明,在不损害安全性的情况下,在效率方面有了巨大的提高。
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