Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms: Functional molecules; relation to virulence and the host immune response

Abstract

Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most significant nosocomial pathogen related to people with vulnerable frameworks such as malignant growth patients, neonates, and foreign body embedded materials such as heart valves. A few virulence factors in S. epidermidis can cause host damage in comparison to Staphylococcus aureus. In spite of that, the key roles of S. epidermidis virulency rely on biofilm formation, bacterial biofilm is essential for the pathogenesis by encouraging microorganisms to consist shape networks of assurance rather than free planktonic cells, hence resistance to antibacterial agents, and medically uninsured problems by colonizing medical indwelling, making the disease long span, and difficult to treat. The National Institute of Health (NIH) reported 65-80% of bacterial illnesses are biofilm formed, thus making numerous passing wellbeing additional costs. Therefore, the biofilms establishing on the susceptible hosts' tissues demonstrate; preventing antibiotics efficient treatment, protecting against host defense mechanisms, and announce the bacteria virulence determinants manifesting.