2 Violence, Social Status, and Blackness in Early Modern Germany: The Case of the Black Trumpeter Christian Real (ca. 1643–after 1674)

Arne Spohr
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Abstract

This essay investigates the life of a Black man, Christian Real, who was born in West Africa around 1643, sold into slavery at a young age, and eventually brought to the Holy Roman Empire, where he can be traced from around 1657 to 1674. In contrast to the biographies of many other Black people in early modern Germany, Real’s is exceptionally well documented: Printed and archival sources allow a reconstruction of key moments in his life, experiences whose highly ambiguous character beckons a comparison with biographies of other Black Africans in the Empire. After being baptized in the Free Imperial City of Lindau, Real was brought to the court of Duke Eberhard III of Württemberg in Stuttgart, where he served first as court servant (“Hofmohr” or “court Moor” in contemporary terminology) and later as trumpeter – one of the first Black court trumpeters in the Empire as far as is currently known. Yet while in this prestigious position, he became the victim of a violent attack that almost cost him his life. Walking home from a wine tavern during the night of November 11, 1669, he was attacked by four young men who severely wounded him by disfiguring his face. The criminal investigation of this assault fills over 200 pages of a file entitled “Tödliche Verwundung eines Mohren” (The Severe Injury of a Moor) and kept at the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart.
现代早期德国的暴力、社会地位和黑人:黑人号手克里斯蒂安·雷尔(约1643 - 1674年后)的案例
这篇文章调查了一个黑人的生活,克里斯蒂安·雷尔,大约在1643年出生在西非,年轻时被卖为奴隶,最终被带到神圣罗马帝国,在那里他可以追溯到1657年到1674年。与现代德国早期许多其他黑人的传记相比,雷亚尔的传记记录得非常好:印刷和档案资料允许重建他生命中的关键时刻,他的经历高度模糊的性格吸引了与帝国其他非洲黑人传记的比较。在林道自由帝国城接受洗礼后,雷亚尔被带到斯图加特的腾堡公爵埃伯哈德三世的宫廷,在那里他首先担任宫廷仆人(“Hofmohr”或“宫廷摩尔人”),后来担任号手——据目前所知,他是帝国第一批黑人宫廷号手之一。然而,在这个享有盛誉的职位上,他成为了一场暴力袭击的受害者,几乎要了他的命。1669年11月11日晚上,他在从一家酒馆回家的路上遭到四个年轻人的袭击,他们把他的脸毁容,使他严重受伤。对这次袭击的刑事调查填满了一份200多页的文件,题为“Tödliche一个摩尔人的重伤”,保存在斯图加特中央国家档案馆。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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