The Failure of the Democratic Transition in Tunisia (2010- 2021): The Reasons and the Expected Scenarios

Abstract

The study aims to highlight the theoretical rooting of the concept of democratic transition, and to study the reasons for the failure of the Tunisian experience after ten years of the democratic transition process in light of the escalation of the political and constitutional crisis and the conflict between the three presidencies (President of the Republic, Head of Government, Speaker of the Assembly of People’s Representatives). The paper also aims to study the justifications that prompted the President of the Republic to issue exceptional decisions (7/25/2021) to freeze the democratic process. The article uses the historical, descriptive, analytical, and probabilistic inductive approach to prove the validity of its hypothesis. There is a correlation between the stumbling of the democratic transition process and the form of the mixed political system that was adopted in the 2014 constitution. The study foretells the scenario of amending and restructuring the political system towards the presidential system. Keywords: Tunisia, The democratic transition, Ennahda party, Qais Saied, Rashid Ghannouchi, Hybrid political regime.