Fascism as a Form of Suppression of Freedom and Humanity: Political and Psychological Analysis

Abstract

Introduction. The relevance of the problem is associated with the rapidly growing threat of rethinking of the crimes of fascism, which is largely due to the loss of the content essence of this phenomenon. Axiological and normative distortions of the essence of fascism only provoke the process of concealing the most important characteristics and emphasizing the secondary ones. The political-psychological approach makes it possible to reveal the nature of fascism and weed out the layers of interpretative manipulation around this concept. Methods. The study is constructed on the basis of psychoanalytic and dialectical methods. The use of a systematic approach was important. Results and Discussions. The deep nature of fascism goes back to the intrapersonal dichotomy between individualization and mass initiation, between the desire for freedom (negative and positive) and conformal enslavement. Under the influence of ideology, a person dissolves in the general flow of masses (states, nations and societies). The large-scale crisis state of the Italian and German people influenced the conceptual birth of fascism, which relied on mass depression, revenge, fear and the sadomasochistic inclination of human nature. Conclusion. Fascism is in many ways a opportunistic phenomenon, the emergence of which can be influenced by a general national upheaval and the unfulfillment of false hopes in a period of crisis and decline. The establishment of autocratic power by the political elite allows you to create your own reality, expressed in the exacerbation of xenophobia, nationalism, national exclusivity, imperialism, the cult of heroism, passionarity, as well as the idea of “a special mission to save the world and all mankind”.