NEW FINDINGS OF ARABIC INSCRIPTIONS OF THE XI–XVIII CC. IN THE VILLAGES OF AKHTY DISTRICT OF DAGESTAN.

Z. Zakariyaev
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Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of some new findings of Arabic-language epigraphic monuments, found by the author in mountain Akhty district of Dagestan during field research, aimed at studying the rich epigraphic heritage of the district. The inscriptions are identified in different settlements, also in abandoned rural settlements in inaccessible mountainous terrain. All these inscriptions are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In terms of genre, the epigraphic monuments submitted in the article, are represented with building inscriptions, benevolent, proprietary inscriptions, epitaphs and excerpts from the Koran.  Chronologically the inscriptions cover the period from the XI c. up to the end of the XVIII c. Part of the inscriptions are dated. To determine the time of writing of undated inscriptions the dating technique by paleographic features of writing is mainly used. The earliest inscriptions are made in Arabic “kufi” handwriting. Kufic inscriptions are first found in highland lezgin villages Maza and Gdym. The findings of kufic inscriptions in the village Maza confirm the information from written sources that this village has centuries-old history. Consequently, the information about the early history of the village Maza, which is set out in the historical essay Ta’rikh Maza, should be recognized as real. The previously unknown kufic inscription of the XII–XIII cc., revealed in the ancient village Khnow, is a fine sample of medieval Arabic calligraphy. Of great interest is the epitaph of 1468-69 preserved in the sanctuary of the village Lutkun, where the date is indicated with numbers. This fact is very rare in medieval inscriptions of Dagestan. It is suggested that one of the eponyms of the sanctuary was a muslim activist of the XV c. The inscriptions of the XVIII c. from villages Yalak, Yaltsug and Khkem inform about the construction of bridges and mausoleum, and the proprietary inscriptions of the XVIII c. from villages Yalak and Khrug are made in connection with the construction of private residential buildings.
在达吉斯坦阿克提地区的村庄里发现了十一至十八世纪阿拉伯语铭文的新发现。
本文致力于分析作者在达吉斯坦阿赫提山区实地考察中发现的一些阿拉伯语碑文遗迹的新发现,旨在研究该地区丰富的碑文遗产。这些铭文在不同的聚落中被发现,也在难以到达的山区的废弃农村聚落中被发现。这些铭文都是首次进入科学流通。就类型而言,文章中提交的铭文纪念碑包括建筑铭文、慈善铭文、专有铭文、墓志铭和《古兰经》节选。按时间顺序,这些铭文涵盖了从公元十一世纪到十八世纪末的时期。部分铭文注明了日期。在确定未定年铭文的写作时间时,主要采用文字的古文字特征定年技术。最早的铭文是用阿拉伯语“库菲”书写的。库菲克铭文最早发现于莱兹金高地的马扎村和格迪姆村。在马扎村发现的库法铭文证实了书面资料,这个村庄有几百年的历史。因此,历史论文《Ta’rikh Maza》中所述的关于马扎村早期历史的信息应该被认为是真实的。在古村庄Khnow发现的以前不为人知的XII-XIII cc的kufic铭文,是中世纪阿拉伯书法的精美样本。非常有趣的是保存在Lutkun村避难所的1468-69年墓志铭,墓志铭上的日期用数字表示。这一事实在达吉斯坦的中世纪铭文中是非常罕见的。有人认为,圣所的其中一个名字是十五世纪的一位穆斯林活动家。十八世纪的铭文来自亚拉克村、亚拉克村和赫姆村,讲述了桥梁和陵墓的建设,十八世纪的铭文来自亚拉克村和赫鲁格村,与私人住宅建筑的建设有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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