{"title":"PERTOLONGAN PERTAMA DAN PENILAIAN KEPARAHAN ENVENOMASI PADA PASIEN GIGITAN ULAR","authors":"A. N. Afni, Fakhrudin Nasrul Sani","doi":"10.34035/jk.v11i1.423","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Distribusi keracunan dan kematian akibat gigitan ular di dunia bevariasi. Dalam kasus berat, akan luka gigitan akan berkembang menjadi bula dan jaringan nekrotik, serta muncul gejala sistemik berupa mual, muntah dan kelemahan otot atau kejang. Tingginya angka kejadian snake bite di Indonesia belum diimbangi dengan penanganan yang optimal di prehospital. Fenomena yang muncul, Masyarakat cenderung melakukan pertolongan pertama menggunakan cara-cara tradisional, sedangkan WHO sejak tahun 2016 tidak lagi merekomendasikan bentuk pertolongan tersebut.Metode penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan jumlah 35 responden, waktu pengambilan data Januari – September 2019 (9 bulan) dengan kriteria eksklusi: Pasien dengan gigitan ular yang meninggal saat datang ke IGD RSUD Gemolong. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner meliputi pertolongan pertama prehospital dan tanda dan gejala klinis yang muncul pada pasien saat tiba di rumah sakit utnuk menentukan derajat keparahan envenomasi. Analisa data univariat digunakan untuk menggambarkan deskriptif masing-masing variabel.Gambaran Pertolongan pertama prehospital yang dilakukan yaitu: 40,3% mengikat luka gigitan ular dengan tali, 31% responden menghisap ara luka, 14,3% responden merobek luka dengan pisau, 8,5% responden mencuci luka dengan sabun, 2,9% responden membakar luka dan memberikan jahe bakar pada area luka. Gambaran tingkat keparahan envenomasi responden yaitu: 57,2% responden menglami envenomasi derajat 2, sejumlah 22,8% responden mengalami envenomasi derajat 3, dan 20% responden mengalami envenomasi derajat 1. Tidak ada responden yang mengalami envenomasi derajat 4.Tindakan tradisional yang dilakukan dapat meningkatkan keparahan luka dan juga mempercepat penyebaran bisa. Prinsipn utama yang direkomendasikan untuk penanganan pertama gigitan ular adalah mecegah kecemasan yang berlebihan, melakukan imobilisasi area dengan balut tekan (pressure immobilitation tehnik) dan segera rujuk ke rumah sakit. \n \nThe distribution of poisoning and mortality caused by snake bites in the world is increasing. In severe cases, the bite wound will develop into bullae and necrotic tissue, as well as systemic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and muscle weakness or spasms. The high incidence of snake bite in Indonesia has not been matched by optimal handling at prehospital. The phenomenon that arises, the community tends to do first aid using traditional methods, WHO since 2016 no longer recommends this form of help. Design of this study is quantitative descriptive with cross sectional approach. This study used a total sampling technique with a total of 35 respondents, data collection time was January - September 2019 (9 months) with exclusion criteria: Patients with snake bites who died when they came to the Emergency Room. Data collection techniques using questionnaires included prehospital first aid and clinical signs and symptoms that appeared in patients when they arrived at the hospital to determine the severity of envenomation. Univariate data analysis is used to describe the descriptive of each variable. Result of this study showed the Prehospital First Aid overview: 40.3% respondent used a tourniquet technique, 31% of respondents sucking wound, 14.3% of respondents give an incission of the bite wound, 8.5% of respondents washed wounds with soap, 2.9% of respondents burn wounds and give burnt ginger to the injured area. The description of the severity of envenomation is: 57.2% of respondents in grade 2, 22.8% of respondents in grade 3, and 20% of respondents in grade 1. No one respondents experienced grade 4 envenomation.The traditional actions taken by the lay persone can increase the severity of the wound and also accelerate the spread of bacteria. The main principles recommended for the first treatment of snake bites are preventing excessive anxiety, immobilizing the area with pressure immobilization technique and immediately referring to the hospital.","PeriodicalId":443009,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kesehatan Kusuma Husada","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"5","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Jurnal Kesehatan Kusuma Husada","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.34035/jk.v11i1.423","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Abstract
Distribusi keracunan dan kematian akibat gigitan ular di dunia bevariasi. Dalam kasus berat, akan luka gigitan akan berkembang menjadi bula dan jaringan nekrotik, serta muncul gejala sistemik berupa mual, muntah dan kelemahan otot atau kejang. Tingginya angka kejadian snake bite di Indonesia belum diimbangi dengan penanganan yang optimal di prehospital. Fenomena yang muncul, Masyarakat cenderung melakukan pertolongan pertama menggunakan cara-cara tradisional, sedangkan WHO sejak tahun 2016 tidak lagi merekomendasikan bentuk pertolongan tersebut.Metode penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan jumlah 35 responden, waktu pengambilan data Januari – September 2019 (9 bulan) dengan kriteria eksklusi: Pasien dengan gigitan ular yang meninggal saat datang ke IGD RSUD Gemolong. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner meliputi pertolongan pertama prehospital dan tanda dan gejala klinis yang muncul pada pasien saat tiba di rumah sakit utnuk menentukan derajat keparahan envenomasi. Analisa data univariat digunakan untuk menggambarkan deskriptif masing-masing variabel.Gambaran Pertolongan pertama prehospital yang dilakukan yaitu: 40,3% mengikat luka gigitan ular dengan tali, 31% responden menghisap ara luka, 14,3% responden merobek luka dengan pisau, 8,5% responden mencuci luka dengan sabun, 2,9% responden membakar luka dan memberikan jahe bakar pada area luka. Gambaran tingkat keparahan envenomasi responden yaitu: 57,2% responden menglami envenomasi derajat 2, sejumlah 22,8% responden mengalami envenomasi derajat 3, dan 20% responden mengalami envenomasi derajat 1. Tidak ada responden yang mengalami envenomasi derajat 4.Tindakan tradisional yang dilakukan dapat meningkatkan keparahan luka dan juga mempercepat penyebaran bisa. Prinsipn utama yang direkomendasikan untuk penanganan pertama gigitan ular adalah mecegah kecemasan yang berlebihan, melakukan imobilisasi area dengan balut tekan (pressure immobilitation tehnik) dan segera rujuk ke rumah sakit.
The distribution of poisoning and mortality caused by snake bites in the world is increasing. In severe cases, the bite wound will develop into bullae and necrotic tissue, as well as systemic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and muscle weakness or spasms. The high incidence of snake bite in Indonesia has not been matched by optimal handling at prehospital. The phenomenon that arises, the community tends to do first aid using traditional methods, WHO since 2016 no longer recommends this form of help. Design of this study is quantitative descriptive with cross sectional approach. This study used a total sampling technique with a total of 35 respondents, data collection time was January - September 2019 (9 months) with exclusion criteria: Patients with snake bites who died when they came to the Emergency Room. Data collection techniques using questionnaires included prehospital first aid and clinical signs and symptoms that appeared in patients when they arrived at the hospital to determine the severity of envenomation. Univariate data analysis is used to describe the descriptive of each variable. Result of this study showed the Prehospital First Aid overview: 40.3% respondent used a tourniquet technique, 31% of respondents sucking wound, 14.3% of respondents give an incission of the bite wound, 8.5% of respondents washed wounds with soap, 2.9% of respondents burn wounds and give burnt ginger to the injured area. The description of the severity of envenomation is: 57.2% of respondents in grade 2, 22.8% of respondents in grade 3, and 20% of respondents in grade 1. No one respondents experienced grade 4 envenomation.The traditional actions taken by the lay persone can increase the severity of the wound and also accelerate the spread of bacteria. The main principles recommended for the first treatment of snake bites are preventing excessive anxiety, immobilizing the area with pressure immobilization technique and immediately referring to the hospital.
在变异世界中,蛇咬伤中毒和死亡的分布。在严重情况下,咬伤会发展成坏死球菌和组织,并出现恶心、呕吐和肌肉无力或癫痫等全身症状。印度尼西亚境内蛇咬事件的高度并没有被过度使用的预防措施所抵消。出现的现象是,公众倾向于使用传统的方式进行急救,而世卫组织自2016年以来不再推荐任何形式的援助。这种研究方法是定量描述性的。该研究采用了一项为期35人的抽样技术,该数据是1月至2019年(9个月)采用问卷调查技术的数据收集技术包括产前急救、住院病人的临床症状和确定envenomasi的严重程度。单变量数据分析用来描述每个变量的描述性描述。初步的急救说明是:40.3%的人用绳子绑住蛇咬伤,31%的人吸伤,14.3%的人用刀撕裂伤口,85%的人用肥皂清洗伤口,2.9%的人烧伤伤口,用生姜烧灼伤口。受访人的内伤率为:57.2%受访人的内伤率为2,228%的受访者接受样本为3,20%的受访者接受样本为1。没有受访者经历过零下4度。传统的措施可以增加伤口的严重程度,也可以加速伤口的扩散。建议第一条蛇咬伤的主要原则是避免过度焦虑,用绷带固定区域,并立即求助于医院。被蛇咬伤而中毒和死亡的分布正在增加。在某些案例中,咬伤会扩散到bullae和坏死组织,就像一个系统交界处,像这样恶心,呕吐和肌肉虚弱。在印度尼西亚,蛇咬伤的高度并没有被最佳的手所匹配。自2016年以来,再也没有人提到这种形式的帮助了。这个研究的展开与横向交叉描述有关。这项研究用的总共是35个回答者的技术样本,收集时间总共是1月- 9个月(9个月)。数据收集技术,使用问题包括预先提供的医疗前援助和临床签名,以及在到达医院时表现出耐心的症状,以确定适当的对策。单变量数据分析被用来描述每个变量的解释性。这个研究那里的论点《Prehospital第一援助概览》:40。3% respondent过去a止血带技巧,发电量of respondents sucking伤、14 . 3% of respondents give an incission of respondents之咬伤,8。5% washed的伤口和肥皂,2。9% of respondents烧伤的伤口和区域给烤金吉尔to the injured。2年级住院医生:57.2%,3年级住院医生2.2.8%,1年级住院医生20%。四年级实验的反应没有一个是实验的。传统的行为可以增加受伤的程度,也可以加速细菌的传播。主要的原则要求蛇的第一次治疗是过度焦虑,不使用高能技术技术的固定区域,并立即推荐医院。