[Comparison of the mean-term physiological effects of cis or trans docosenoic acids in the rat. I. Digestibility of fatty acids. Effects on growth, organ weights and heart histology].

Abstract

The mean-term physiological effects of brassidic acid (n-9, trans docosenoic acid) and of erucic acid (n-9, cis docosenoic acid) have been compared to those of their C 18 homologues, elaidic and oleic acid, in a 2(3) factorial experiment; the 3 tested factors are: 1) the chain length of the dietary monoenes (C 22:1 vs. C 18:1), 2) the geometrical configuration of their double bond (trans vs. cis) and 3) the dietary level of linoleic acid (30% vs. 1,7% of dietary fatty acids). Wistar weanling rats have been fed for 16 weeks semi-synthetic diets containing 15% of lipids by weight, in which the fatty acids under study (brassidic, erucic elaidic) ranged to 40%. Although caution has been taken to optimize the digestibility of brassidic acid (interesterification of the lipid mixture, reduced level of calcium in the diet, addition of monoglycerides), it remains lower that of erucic acid. However, because of different levels of food consumption, the absorbed amounts of the two isomers are about the same. With a high dietary supply of linoleic acid, the dietary monoenes (C 22:1 or C 18:1), cis or trans) do not induce great changes in the weight gain of the rats, when adjusted to food consumption; linoleic acid subdeficiency lowers this adjusted weight gain, except when the diet contains oleic acid as the only monoene. These effects do not parallel those observed on the absolute growth of the rats. The trans monoenes, and to a lesser extent, erucic acid, induce an increase of liver weight (adjusted to body weight). The light microscopic histological study of the heart does not reveal any difference between the brassidic acid fed-rats and those fed the C 18:1 monoenes (elaidic, oleic). In contrast, erucic acid induces definite lesions of the myocardium. The dietary level of linoleic acid has little influence on the incidence and the severity of the lesions. The effects of these dietary fatty acids on the lipid contents and fatty acid compositions of different organs will be reported in a second paper.