Online monitoring and controlling of the PV generated solar power through AVR microcontroller ATmega16

Abstract

Power management is of prime concern when power generation and utilization is done using PV Cell. In the existing system, the PV Cell is normally connected in parallel with the Load or Grid. In such type of system the connected battery is charged while load run using the Cell. This makes the battery to be charged with less amount of current hence it doesn't get fully charged properly. Moreover, even though the power requirement is less at the load the current is unnecessarily consumed by the load, hence due to improper supply of current to the battery it doesn't get charged properly and so there is loss in the power and hence power doesn't get utilized properly. In the proposed Microcontroller based method, the load and battery are connected to the PV Cell through the relay. The Microcontroller senses the power requirement of the load and thereby manages the two PV Cells to get it connected to the load. At any particular time one relay (either relay1 or relay2) will through the connection to the load (as per the load requirement). Mean while the relay which is not providing power to the load will provide power to the battery to charge it. In this way one PV Cell is utilized for providing power to the load and other is utilized for providing power to the battery. In any case when power requirement at the load increases both the PV Cell can be utilized for providing power to the load, in this case the power to the battery will be less but this situation is only at the peak time which is not regular. In this way the power management system proposed here utilizes maximum power generated by the PV Cell.