Analisis Normalisasi Hubungan Arab Saudi dengan Qatar Tahun 2021

Afif Notodewo, Yon Machmudi
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Abstract

Abstract. Saudi Arabia and its ally, UAE (United Arab Emirates), Bahrain, and Egypt decided to end their diplomatic relations with Qatar and at the same time blockade Qatar through land, sea, and air in 2017. Saudi and its ally deemed that Qatar's relations and proximity with Iran and Turkey threaten their existence in the Gulf. But, there are political changes between Saudi and its ally with Qatar in 2021 which is marked by cooperation among them. This research will disclose the main reason why Saudi and Qatar decided to normalize their relationship which there are diplomatic changes in both states. This research uses grand theory neorealism and its middle theory relative gain and prisoner’s dilemma as analytical tools. As the result, there is a struggle for hegemony and geopolitical between Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkey in the Middle East and add with political change in the United States of America in which Joe Biden come to power and the spreading of Covid 19.Keywords: Saudi Arabia; Qatar; Neorealism; Relative Gain; Prisoner’s Dilemma. Abstrak. Arab Saudi beserta aliansinya, yaitu UEA (Uni Emirat Arab), Bahrain, dan Mesir memutuskan hubungan diplomatik dengan Qatar serta melakukan blokade jalur darat, air, dan udara pada 2017. Saudi dan aliansinya menganggap kedekatan Qatar dengan Iran dan Turki yang mengancam eksistensi mereka di kawasan Teluk. Namun, pada 2021 dunia dikagetkan dengan normalisasi hubungan antara kedua belah pihak ditandai dengan kerjasama. Penelitian ini membahas alasan mengapa Saudi dan Qatar melakukan normalisasi hubungan? Penelitian ini menggunakan kacamata grand theory neorealisme beserta teori relative gain dan prisoner’s dilemma. Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa terdapat perebutan hegemoni antara Saudi, Iran, dan Turki. Serta kondisi yang tidak menguntungkan Saudi seperti terpilihnya Joe Biden dan merebaknya pandemi Covid 19. Kata Kunci: Arab Saudi; Qatar; Neorealisme; Relative Gain; Prisoner’s dilemma.
摘要。2017年,沙特阿拉伯及其盟友阿联酋、巴林、埃及决定结束与卡塔尔的外交关系,同时对卡塔尔进行海、陆、空封锁。沙特及其盟友认为,卡塔尔与伊朗和土耳其的关系及其邻近威胁到它们在海湾地区的存在。但是,2021年沙特与其盟友卡塔尔之间的政治变化将以合作为标志。本研究将揭示沙特和卡塔尔决定关系正常化的主要原因,这两个国家都有外交变化。本研究以大理论新现实主义及其中间理论相对收益和囚徒困境为分析工具。因此,中东地区的沙特阿拉伯、伊朗、土耳其之间展开了霸权和地缘政治斗争,拜登上台的美国政局也发生了变化,新冠肺炎疫情也在蔓延。关键词:沙特阿拉伯;卡塔尔;新现实主义;相对增益;囚徒困境。Abstrak。阿拉伯沙特阿拉伯,阿拉伯联合酋长国,巴林,丹·梅西尔·梅穆图斯坎·胡邦甘外交使团,卡塔尔,塞塔·梅拉库坎封锁贾鲁尔达拉特,空中,丹·乌达拉帕达2017。沙特阿拉伯,卡塔尔,伊朗,土耳其,土耳其。Namun, pada, 2021年12月1日,dunia dikagetkan dengan normalisisi hubungan antara kedua belah pihak dandai dengan kerjasama。Penelitian ini成员有alasan mengapa沙特阿拉伯卡塔尔melakukan normalisasi hubungan?Penelitian, ini menggunakan, kacamata,大理论,新现实主义,相对收益和囚徒困境。Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa terdapat perebubuan霸权,包括沙特、伊朗和土耳其。沙特副总统乔·拜登与新冠肺炎疫情有关。Kata Kunci:阿拉伯沙特;卡塔尔;Neorealisme;相对增益;囚徒困境。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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