Performance Analysis of a Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) for the Detection of Early-Stage Stones of the Human Kidney

Abstract

With the advancements of technologies, the detection of new diseases is also rising from time to time. In a similar manner, diseases related to the faulty activities of numerous key organs of the human body became a common scenario during recent times. Here, a brief investigation regarding the human kidney consisting of stones that arise due to the inability to filter the wastage from the blood of the body has been done. Considering this issue, a Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) has been designed for the detection of these kinds of stones of the human kidney phantom, implemented in the CST Studio Suite Software at an operating frequency of 3.77 GHz using S-Band. For the precise simulation process, the human kidney phantom has been designed using the following segments on it, including the Adrenal gland, Cortex, Medulla, and Ureter. After that, stones were also created by using all the necessary properties. Later, the simulated antenna's performance was deduced in free space, then after applying it on the stone-free and the stone-affected kidney phantom. For the stone-affected position, a Return Loss magnitude of -24.90 dB, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio of 1.12, and Specific Absorption Rate of 0.0090 W/kg were obtained. In addition, other output parameters, including the Gain, Directivity, Polar Radiation, etc., have been successfully determined, which validates the goal of the research to a great extent.