The Distribution and Drug Resistance Characteristics of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureous to be Public and Animal Health Burdon in Ethiopia: Systematic Review

Abstract

The current meta-analysis was aimed to analyze the prevalence rate of MRSA in S. aureus isolates from different sources of samples in Ethiopia. The multidrug resistance pattern of the pathogen was also one of the outcome of interest of the analysis. The data for the current study were extracted from original research articles published in journals indexed in PubMed databases, accessed online from 12th to 14th December 2021, whose pdf were freely downloadable, English language articles, and conducted on MRSA prevalence in Ethiopia. The data were displayed on Excel spreadsheet, coded, exported to R statistical software and the pooled prevalence of MRSA was calculated per S. aureus isolates and analyzed at 95% CI. Accordingly, 79 eligible articles were selected for the meta-analysis. The result of the study revealed that 26930 samples have been collected from different specimens of which 4219 (15.65%) were S. aureus positive. Of the total S. aureus, 1695 were found MRSA strains and the overall pooled prevalence of MRASA per S. aureus isolates was 40%. In terms of the sources of the specimen, the pooled prevalence of MRSA in human, animal, food and environment were 38%, 15%, 77%, and 54% respectively and it was significantly higher in food and environment than in animal and human samples (p<0.05). The analysis also showed that that MRSA was highly prevalent in patients than in health people (p<0.05). Furthermore, the study revealed that MRSA was highly resistant to cefuroxime (100%), Tobramycin (100%), Neomycin (99%) and Penicillin (92%), Pipracilin (91%), Erythromycin (88%), Bacitracin(84%) and Amoxacilin-clavulanicacid (80%).-However, clindamycin (21%), chloramphenicol (22%), Amikacin (27%), vancomycin (20%), Knamycin (25%) and Ceftriaxone (30%) were antibiotic of relatively better effective against MRSA.