Is there a Language 'Behind' Speaking? How to Look at 20 th Century Language Theory in an Alternative Way

Sybille Krämer
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

There is a standard ‚picture‘ of how to look at 20th century theory and philosophy of language: Within this picture normally a pragmatic shift is identified from structure oriented (Saussure, Chomsky..) to act oriented concepts of language (Wittgenstein, Austin, Searle, Habermas…). The aim of my talk is to suggest another way of looking at the ‚logical geography’ of language theory by investigating the distinction language theorists often make between type/token, schema/use, rule/realization. From this perspective, a new kind of division emerges: On the one hand we can identify proponents of a ‚two worlds model‘ of language. To this ‘cluster’ belong structural thinkers such as Saussure and Chomsky as well as the speech act theorists Searle and Habermas. On the other hand, there are those philosophers who take the approach of an ‘embodied model’ of language, rejecting the division between schema and use. To this category Wittgenstein, as well as Austin, Davidson, Derrida and Butler can be seen to belong. This typology may seem surprising. My talk hopes to make it plausible.
说话的“背后”有语言吗?如何从另一个角度看待20世纪的语言理论
关于如何看待20世纪的语言理论和哲学,有一个标准的“图景”:在这个图景中,通常可以确定语用学的转变,从结构导向(索绪尔、乔姆斯基……)到行为导向的语言概念(维特根斯坦、奥斯汀、塞尔、哈贝马斯……)。我演讲的目的是通过调查语言理论家经常在类型/标记、模式/使用、规则/实现之间做出的区分,提出另一种看待语言理论“逻辑地理”的方式。从这个角度来看,一种新的划分出现了:一方面,我们可以识别语言“两个世界模型”的支持者。这个“集群”属于结构思想家,如索绪尔和乔姆斯基,以及语言行为理论家塞尔和哈贝马斯。另一方面,有些哲学家采用语言的“具身模式”,拒绝区分图式和用法。维特根斯坦、奥斯汀、戴维森、德里达和巴特勒都属于这一类人。这种类型似乎令人惊讶。我的谈话希望能使它显得合理。
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