Gambaran Tingkat Risiko Penyakit Kardiovaskular di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mlati Sleman Yogyakarta

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the cause of global death. A cardiovascular-diseases diagnosed person has a risk for non-lethal and lethal incidents, ranging from heart attack, stroke, and even death.Objective: This research was aimed to obtain an overview of the risk level of cardiovascular-disease in the working area of Mlati Community Health Center Sleman, Yogyakarta.Methods: A cross-sectional research was conducted in the working area of Mlati Community Health Center Sleman, Yogyakarta from September until October 2017. Samples were taken using a multistage cluster sampling technique with the overall subjects of 107 patients. Respondents were patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease and aged from 40 to 79 years. The research employed WHO/ISH risk prediction chart for Indonesia (South-East Asia Region B). The prediction of cardiovascular risk level was obtained through interview concerning on demographic data, blood pressure, and cholesterol level. The results were analyzed and presented in descriptive and central tendency.Result: Respondents were mostly female patients with an average age of 59,15 (±9,73) years. The level variances of cardiovascular risk in the next ten years were i.e. low-risk 50,47%; moderate risk 13,08%; high risk 14,02%; and very high risk 22,43%.Conclusion: Most respondents have a low risk to experience non-lethal and lethal incidents of cardiovascular events in the next ten years. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan penyebab kematian global. Individu yang terdiagnosa penyakit kardiovaskular memiliki risiko mengalami kejadian non-fatal maupun fatal, mulai dari serangan jantung, strok, dan bahkan kematian.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat risiko penyakit kardiovaskular di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional yang dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mlati Sleman Yogyakarta pada bulan September hingga Oktober 2017. Sampel penelitian diperoleh melalui teknik multistage cluster sampling dengan total subjek penelitian sejumlah 107 orang. Responden penelitian ini yaitu pasien yang terdiagnosis penyakit kardiovaskular dan berusia 40-79 tahun. Tingkat risiko kardiovaskular diukur menggunakan diagram WHO/ISH risk prediction chart wilayah Indonesia (South-East Asia Region B). Data yang diperlukan untuk mengisi diagram prediksi risiko kardiovaskular diperoleh melalui wawancara karakteristik responden, pengukuran tekanan darah dan kolesterol. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dan disajikan dalam tabel distribusi frekuensi.Hasil: Responden penelitian didominasi oleh perempuan dengan rata-rata usia responden yaitu 59,15 tahun (±9,73). Tingkat risiko kardiovaskular dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun yang akan datang yaitu risiko rendah 50,47%; risiko sedang 13,08%; risiko tinggi 14,02%; dan risiko sangat tinggi 22,43%.Kesimpulan: Mayoritas responden memiliki risiko rendah mengalami kejadian non-fatal dan fatal penyakit kardiovaskular dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun yang akan datang.