The effect of mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma on the course of chronic laminitis in horse: a clinical case

Abstract

Laminitis or rheumatic inflammation of the hooves is inflammation of the hoof lamina, in which the connection between the coffin bone and the horny shoe is disrupted as a result of the destruction of the connection between the leaves of the horny wall with the leaves of the base of the hoof skin. The pathogenesis of this disease is quite complex and contradictory. Some authors associate it with the accumulation of biogenic amines in the hoof tissues, while others point to the violation of lamellar microcirculation and the effect of tissue metalloproteinases on the leaves of the horny wall and the base of the hoof skin. Treating horses with laminitis is not an easy task, due to the complex pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, the search for modern treatments of horses with laminitis is an urgent and timely task. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma on the course of chronic laminitis in horses. The object of the study was a castrated stallion of a Ukrainian riding breed, 8 years old, with a clinical manifestation of chronic laminitis with detachment of the hoof wall along the border line on the left forelimb. Materials and methods. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from adipose tissue. A culture of mesenchymal stem cells of adipose tissue in the amount of 12 million cells was injected into the palmar medial digital artery of the injured limb. The introduction was repeated three times, while the cells were suspended in 3 cm3 of phosphate-buffered saline. The third injection of cells was performed in combination with autologous platelet-rich plasma. Results: Active recovery of the hoof wall was observed on the injured forelimb. Coronary fistulas and damage of the hoof joint capsule were healed. The shape of the hoof wall and sole began to normalize. The pulsation of the arteries of the toes has become less pronounced. No corona edema was observed in the area. Conclusion. Under the influence of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich blood plasma, tissue structures of the injured hoof had restored as the clinical and functional state of the injured limb; at the same time, the x-ray picture of the hoof worsens, which is accompanied by irreversible processes in the hoof tissues and its deformation.