Who Really Benefits from a Resource Boom? Evidence from the Marcellus and Utica Shale Plays

R. Gittings, T. Roach
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

We analyze the impact of the recent energy boom in the Marcellus and Utica shale formations on local labor markets in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Unique to our analysis is the use of origin-destination files (LODES) from the U.S. Census Bureau which provide employment statistics at the census block level based on where jobs are located and where workers live who hold those jobs. The richness of this data enables us to identify cross border mobility of workers as labor demand increases due to greater resource extraction. We find that increases in the value of new oil and gas production significantly increases local workplace employment and average earnings in the county, but that job gains go mostly to workers who reside outside of the county. Specifi cally, a one standard deviation increase in the value of new oil and gas production per capita in a county-year increases workplace employment by 283 jobs, decreases the fraction of jobs held locally, and increases the flow of workers from counties 25-200 miles away. Furthermore, we find some positive employment spillovers across industries but these new jobs appear to go to non-local residents as well. We do find evidence that the earnings distribution shifts to the right for both local residents and workers who reside outside the county.
谁是资源繁荣的真正受益者?来自Marcellus和Utica页岩区的证据
我们分析了最近马塞勒斯和尤蒂卡页岩地层的能源繁荣对俄亥俄州、宾夕法尼亚州和西弗吉尼亚州当地劳动力市场的影响。我们分析的独特之处在于使用了美国人口普查局的原点-目的地文件(LODES),该文件根据工作地点和从事这些工作的工人居住的地方提供了人口普查区一级的就业统计数据。这些数据的丰富性使我们能够确定由于资源开采增加而导致劳动力需求增加时工人的跨境流动。我们发现,新石油和天然气产量的增加显著增加了当地工作场所的就业和平均收入,但这些就业增长主要是由居住在县外的工人获得的。具体来说,一个县每年新增的石油和天然气产量每增加一个标准差,就会增加283个就业岗位,减少本地就业岗位的比例,并增加25-200英里以外县的工人流动。此外,我们发现一些积极的行业就业溢出效应,但这些新工作似乎也流向了非本地居民。我们确实发现证据表明,本地居民和居住在县外的工人的收入分配都向右转移。
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