Prediabetes and its correlates in a suburban community in South-South Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes mellitus (DM) and is associated with the chronic complications of DM. There is paucity of data on prediabetes and its associated risk factors in Nigeria, particularly in the suburban setting. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and its associated risk factors in a suburban community in south-south Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study carried out among 382 adult residents in Mosogar, Delta State. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic and clinical information of the subjects. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were done according to standard protocols. Blood sample was collected for oral glucose tolerance test, fasting serum lipid profile, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: A total of 350 subjects (36.3% men and 63.7% women) completed the study. The mean (standard deviation) age of the participants was 46 (14.1) years. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired HbA1c was 16.6%, 16.3%, and 19.2%, respectively. The overall prevalence of prediabetes and undiagnosed DM was 22.0% and 5.1%, respectively. On multivariate logistic regression, the significant predictors of prediabetes were increasing age, a family history of DM (adjusted odd’s ratio [AOR] 16.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.25–88.36), overweight (AOR 4.08, 95% CI = 1.72–9.63), obesity (AOR 5.63, 95% CI = 1.59–19.90), inadequate physical activity (AOR 5.28, 95% CI = 2.08–13.41) and elevated triglycerides (AOR 9.69, 95% CI = 1.77–53.18). Moderate alcohol intake was associated with a reduced risk for prediabetes (AOR 0.33, 95% CI = 0.12–0.92). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of prediabetes in Mosogar community, Delta State. There is need for education of community members on dietary and lifestyle modifications aimed at reducing the risk of prediabetes and ultimately diabetes.