Under the Empire of Technique: Instrumental Reason and the Rejection of Politics in the Formation of the Central Bank of Brazil

Ricardo Vinicius C. dos Santos e Carvalho, A. Paula
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Abstract

Abstract Using the critique of instrumental rationality, based on Weber, Habermas and Arendt, we analyze, through interviews of the leaders involved in the creation of the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB), the tension between politics and technique in its formation as a bureaucracy. This oral history research was based on interviews conducted by CPDOC/FGV, published in 2019, in 25 volumes of the "Told History of the Central Bank of Brazil Collection," with leaders who participated in the creation of the BCB. As a result, we identified a discourse of rejection of politics in general and aversion to left-wing policies in particular, in addition to the sacredness of technique, giving rise to a technocratic vision of the BCB, an organization that is seen as bureaucratically insulated, but in which only one technique would be possible: the neoclassical liberal economic view. These two dimensions combine to establish a position of subjection of politics to technique in which even democracy can be sacrificed as an opportunity to implement a certain technical-economic agenda. There are indications, therefore, of an instrumentality of reason in the manifestations analyzed, in pitting technique against politics, which can lead to a process of banalization of evil as criticized by Arendt, especially in seeing regimes of exception in the country as mere opportunities to create the BCB and to implement a liberal-economic agenda. This perspective transforms technique into a political obstacle, including with the rejection of the greatest product of democratic political participation in the country, the 1988 Constitution.
技术帝国之下:巴西中央银行形成过程中的工具理性与政治排斥
基于韦伯、哈贝马斯和阿伦特的工具理性批判,我们通过对参与巴西中央银行(BCB)创建的领导人的访谈,分析了其作为官僚机构形成过程中政治与技术之间的紧张关系。这项口述历史研究是基于CPDOC/FGV对参与创建巴西中央银行的领导人进行的访谈,该访谈于2019年发表在25卷的《巴西中央银行讲述的历史》中。因此,除了技术的神圣性之外,我们还确定了一种对政治的普遍拒绝和对左翼政策的厌恶的话语,从而产生了对BCB的技术官僚主义愿景,这是一个被视为官僚隔离的组织,但在其中只有一种技术是可能的:新古典自由主义经济观点。这两个维度结合起来,建立了一种政治服从于技术的立场,在这种立场下,甚至可以牺牲民主,作为实施某种技术-经济议程的机会。因此,有迹象表明,在分析的表现中,在技术与政治的对抗中,理性的工具性可能导致阿伦特所批评的邪恶的平庸化过程,特别是在将该国的例外制度视为创造BCB和实施自由经济议程的机会时。这一观点将技术转变为政治障碍,包括拒绝该国民主政治参与的最大成果,即1988年《宪法》。
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