Effects of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and bilingualism on verbal short-term memory

N. Meir
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引用次数: 14

Abstract

The current study assessed independent and combined effects of SLI and bilingualism on tasks tapping into verbal short-term memory (vSTM) with varying linguistic load in two languages (Russian and Hebrew). The study explored the extent to which the presence of SLI is related to limited vSTM storage and bilingualism is associated with reduced vocabulary size. A total of 190 monolingual and bilingual children aged 5;5–6;8 participated in the current study: 108 sequential Russian-Hebrew bilinguals (18 with SLI), 48 Hebrew monolinguals (13 with SLI) and 34 Russian monolinguals (14 with SLI). Children performed three repetition tasks: forward-digit span (FWD), non-word repetition (NWR) and sentence repetition (SRep); bilingual children were tested in both of their languages. Results indicated a negative effect of SLI on all experimental tasks tapping into vSTM. The effect of SLI rose as a function of increased linguistic load. Regarding bilingualism, no effect was found on the measure of vSTM with the lowest linguistic load (FWD), while its effect was robust once the linguistic load was increased (SRep). The results reported in this study bring evidence that lower performance on measures of vSTM in children with SLI and bilingual children stem from different sources. Although, children with SLI have limitations of vSTM, deficient vSTM cannot fully account for the linguistic difficulties observed in children with SLI. As for bilingualism, it does not affect verbal storage when the linguistic load is minimal, while poor performance in bilingual children on tasks with greater linguistic load is attributed to smaller vocabulary sizes.
特殊语言障碍和双语对言语短期记忆的影响
目前的研究评估了在两种语言(俄语和希伯来语)的不同语言负荷下,SLI和双语能力对开发言语短期记忆(vSTM)任务的独立和联合影响。本研究探讨了特殊语言障碍的存在与有限的vSTM存储的关系,以及双语与词汇量减少的关系。本研究共有190名5岁、5 - 6岁、8岁的单语和双语儿童参与,其中顺序俄语-希伯来语双语儿童108人(18人患有特殊语言障碍),希伯来语单语儿童48人(13人患有特殊语言障碍),俄语单语儿童34人(14人患有特殊语言障碍)。儿童进行了三个重复任务:向前数字重复(FWD)、非单词重复(NWR)和句子重复(SRep);双语儿童接受了两种语言的测试。结果表明,SLI对所有进入vSTM的实验任务都有负面影响。随着语言负荷的增加,特殊语言障碍的影响也随之增加。对于双语来说,最低语言负荷(FWD)对vSTM的测量没有影响,而随着语言负荷的增加,其影响是稳健的(SRep)。本研究报告的结果表明,特殊语言障碍儿童和双语儿童在vSTM测试中表现较差的原因是不同的。虽然,特殊语言障碍儿童的vSTM有局限性,但缺乏vSTM并不能完全解释特殊语言障碍儿童所观察到的语言困难。就双语而言,当语言负荷最小时,它不会影响言语存储,而当语言负荷较大时,双语儿童在任务中的表现较差是由于词汇量较小。
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