Study of Risk Factors for Major Non-communicable Diseases in Two Hospitals in Dakar (Senegal) in 2018

Abstract

Introduction: The development of non-communicable diseases is supported by modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. In both primary prevention and secondary prevention, the possibility of action remains possible for individual modifiable risk factors. This study on the frequencies of individual and modifiable risk factors of a behavioral and metabolic nature within the population of patients accommodated in the services of the population is in order to carry out preventive actions on the major non-communicable diseases of vulnerable populations. hospitality and emergency services were carried out in Senegal. Methods: The framework of the study was the reception and emergency services of the hospital of Pikine and the hospital of Dakar. It was an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. The study period was from January 25 to March 5, 2018. The source population consisted of patients over 18 years of age and not pregnant, who were seen in consultation in both services and who gave their free and informed consent for participate in the survey. The data collection tool was based on the WHO STEPwise survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered during a face-to-face interview with each patient. The data was collected confidentially with strict respect for the privacy of the participant. Results: The study involved 615 patients 53.7% at the main hospital in Dakar and 46.3% at the Pikine hospital. The proportion of active smoking was 12%. The share of current alcohol consumption is 7.8% and daily consumption concerns 8.3% of these current drinkers. Regarding abdominal obesity, 55.5% of women had a waist size corresponding to a high risk against 10.2% of men. Insufficient physical activity and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables were the most common comorbidities. For blood pressure values, 38.9% of patients had blood pressure values above 140 mmhg / 90 mmhg and for random blood sugar values, 10.5% of patients had random blood sugar values above 2 g / l with signs of hyperglycemia. Finally, 40.4% of our patients declared that they had never controlled their blood sugar in their life and 32.2% declared that they had never had their blood pressure controlled in their life. Conclusion: The measurement of glycemia, blood pressure and BMI must be systematic for all patients seen in the emergency departments, whatever the reason for their visit. They should also continue their efforts to develop public spaces for sport and to make fruit and vegetables more accessible to the community.