Les langues turcques et quelques questions de l’histoire des Tchouvaches

Dr. Anton K. SALMIN
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Abstract

The language also contains history. For analysis, it must be compared with related languages and languages of neighbouring tribes and peoples. The language can split into several descendant languages over time. This is due to violation of the unity of the society in which it operates. When differences begin to complicate mutual understanding between the members of society, then different but related languages appear. Change is an obligatory feature of the language, if only because a static system could not provide communication of the society in the changing world. Linguists (A.V. Dybo et al.) established the washing rate of 5 words from the Swadesh list over 1,000 years on a number of language groups. With such rate for 20,000 years, Swadesh list should wash out completely. It turns out there are no static languages that have existed for 20,000 years. The Turkic language is a superstrate language, and not a substrate in any way for the modern Chuvash language, that is, this process occurred (and continues to take place) not in Siberia, but in the Volga region.
突厥语和楚瓦什历史的一些问题
语言也包含着历史。为了分析,必须将其与相关语言和邻近部落和民族的语言进行比较。随着时间的推移,这种语言可以分裂成几种后代语言。这是由于它破坏了其所处社会的统一性。当差异开始使社会成员之间的相互理解复杂化时,就会出现不同但相关的语言。变化是语言的必然特征,因为一个静态的系统无法在不断变化的世界中提供社会的交流。语言学家(A.V. Dybo等人)建立了1000年来斯瓦德什语表中5个单词在多个语言群体中的洗涤率。以这样的速度持续2万年,Swadesh名单应该被彻底淘汰。事实证明,没有一种静态语言已经存在了2万年。突厥语是一种上层语言,而不是现代楚瓦什语的基础,也就是说,这个过程发生(并继续发生)不在西伯利亚,而是在伏尔加河地区。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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