A simulation of breakdown parameters of High Power Microwave induced plasma in atmospheric gases

P. Ford, J. Krile, H. Krompholz, A. Neuber
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Abstract

Surface flashover induced by a High Power Microwave fast rise-time pulse causes a significant drop in transmitted power, along with reflections that can damage the source. Momentum transfer collision rates in the range of 100s of GHz (for pressures exceeding 5 kPa) lead to low plasma conductivity, corresponding to absorption levels of up to 60 % of the incident power. A simulation algorithm was developed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in order to model the growth and transport of the electron density near a dielectric surface, and the resulting interaction with the microwave pulse. The time-dependent plasma parameters are governed by empirical and simulated scaling laws for ionization and collision rates, along with diffusion coefficients; the resulting frequency-dependent plasma permittivity is transformed to a discrete algorithm to describe the spatially resolved plasma in the FDTD algorithm. A plasma thickness of up to 2 mm is simulated that compares with side-on ICCD imaging of surface flashover. Breakdown parameters, such as delay times and breakdown electric fields, in nitrogen, air and argon, are compared with experimental data on surface flashover across a polycarbonate window at atmospheric pressures; the simulated results correlate well with measured, and the model exhibits low computational complexity when simulating a pulse on the order of microseconds, making it a good alternative to standard particle-in-cell codes. The source is a S-band magnetron that produces a 2.5 MW peak power, 50 ns rise-time pulse with 3 μs duration at 2.85 GHz center frequency.
高功率微波诱导等离子体在大气中击穿参数的模拟
由高功率微波快速上升时间脉冲引起的表面闪络会导致传输功率的显著下降,以及可能损坏源的反射。动量转移碰撞率在100ghz范围内(压力超过5kpa)导致等离子体电导率低,对应的吸收水平高达入射功率的60%。为了模拟电介质表面附近电子密度的增长和输运,以及由此产生的与微波脉冲的相互作用,提出了一种时域有限差分法(FDTD)模拟算法。随时间变化的等离子体参数受电离率和碰撞率的经验和模拟标度定律以及扩散系数的支配;在时域有限差分算法中,将得到的频率相关等离子体介电常数转换为描述空间分辨等离子体的离散算法。模拟了厚度达2mm的等离子体,并与表面闪络的侧面ICCD成像进行了比较。在氮气、空气和氩气条件下,击穿参数,如延迟时间和击穿电场,与大气压下聚碳酸酯窗口表面闪络的实验数据进行了比较;模拟结果与测量值吻合良好,且该模型在模拟微秒级脉冲时计算复杂度较低,可替代标准的细胞内粒子编码。源为s波段磁控管,在2.85 GHz中心频率下产生峰值功率2.5 MW、上升时间50 ns、持续时间3 μs的脉冲。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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