Poverty in Jordan

Maha Dawas
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Poverty is a complex phenomenon with diverse economic and social dimensions. The concept of poverty differs according to countries, cultures and times. However, it is agreed that poverty is simply the inability to provide the minimum socially required and desired standard of living. It is the state of financial denial, whose features include low consumption of food in terms of quality and quantity, poor health, low educational level and housing circumstances, denial of the ability to purchase durable goods and other financial assets, and lack of reserve or security to face difficult cases such as illness, handicap, unemployment, disasters and crises. The importance of poverty data and measurement methods lies in raising the issue of poverty to gain support in order to confront this problem, to identify the impacts of state policies, the external influences and other factors. We should explore the situation before proceeding to implement the poverty-related programs, monitor the evolution of poverty - particularly with regard to the effects of policies and programs to alleviate poverty - and prepare reports on poverty measurement and evaluation of its features, reports on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the reports on Human Development. The Household Income and Expenditure Survey is considered to be the optimal survey and the main source for measuring poverty indicators according to the international methodology issued by the World Bank. If the definition of poverty is important, then measuring it is no less important, so that poverty alleviation policy makers can identify the priorities and necessary programs to implement these policies and consequently guarantee that these programs are accessible by those who deserve them – i.e. targeting the poor. It is necessary for poverty studies to identify who are the poor, their location, their relative size and the depth and severity of suffering from poverty. This requires poverty criteria and measurement tools on the basis of which the poor are diagnosed, the size of poverty is measured, and the basic characteristics of the poor are identified, in addition to their geographic distribution, their demographic characteristics, their educational levels, their economic activities, and their housing, health and food circumstances. According to the 2010 results, the population of the poor was specified as those whose per capita expenditure is less than the absolute poverty line of JD.814 per year. Thus, the poverty ratio in Jordan was 14.4% for 2010. Also the results show that the poverty gap ratio was 3.6% at the Kingdom’s level. Finally, the severity of poverty at the level of the Kingdom was 1.21%.
约旦的贫困
贫穷是一个复杂的现象,具有不同的经济和社会层面。贫穷的概念因国家、文化和时代的不同而不同。然而,人们一致认为,贫穷仅仅是无法提供社会所需和期望的最低生活水平。这是一种财政匮乏的状态,其特征包括:在质量和数量上粮食消费不足、健康状况差、教育水平低和住房条件差、没有能力购买耐用品和其他金融资产、缺乏储备或保障以应对诸如疾病、残疾、失业、灾害和危机等困难情况。贫困数据和测量方法的重要性在于提出贫困问题以获得支持,以便面对这一问题,识别国家政策的影响,外部影响和其他因素。在实施与贫困有关的项目之前,我们应该先了解情况,监测贫困的演变,特别是扶贫政策和项目的效果,并编写关于贫困测量和特征评估的报告、关于实现可持续发展目标的报告和关于人类发展的报告。根据世界银行发布的国际方法,《家庭收入和支出调查》被认为是最理想的调查和衡量贫穷指标的主要来源。如果贫困的定义是重要的,那么衡量贫困也同样重要,这样扶贫政策制定者才能确定实施这些政策的优先事项和必要的计划,从而保证那些应该获得这些计划的人能够获得这些计划-即针对穷人。贫穷研究必须查明谁是穷人、他们的位置、他们的相对规模以及贫穷的程度和严重程度。这就需要贫穷标准和衡量工具,根据这些标准和工具对穷人进行诊断,衡量贫穷的程度,确定穷人的基本特征,以及他们的地理分布、人口特征、教育水平、经济活动以及住房、保健和粮食情况。根据2010年的结果,贫困人口定义为人均支出低于每年814元绝对贫困线的人口。因此,2010年约旦的贫困率为14.4%。此外,结果表明,在王国的水平上,贫困差距率为3.6%。最后,王国的贫困严重程度为1.21%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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