Средневековые фортификации Северо-Западного Причерноморья в атласе Рицци-Дзаннони

А Г Герцен
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Abstract

Unique maps of the atlas of Poland compiled by G.A.B. Rizzi-Zannoni in the middle of the 18th century and published in early 1772 are important scientific sources. The atlas contains detailed information on the historical geography of the Northern and North-Western Black Sea region. Of particular importance is the unique map of Moldavia and the territories adjacent to it (the 23rd, as well as the 22nd and 24th sheets of the atlas), compiled based on earlier sources – the rich cartographic materials of the predecessors (G.L. Beauplan, D.K. Cantemir and others), and first of all, the works of the cartographers of the Ottoman Empire, which flourished in the 15th – 17th centuries, have not yet been identified or studied. The work of Rizzi-Zannoni is a reproduction of the oldest (found at the moment) topographic map of the North-Western Black Sea region, reflecting the geographical picture no later than the first half of the 16th – second half of the 17th centuries. Current and further study of the fortifications (castles, fortresses and other fortifications) marked on the maps of Rizzi-Zannoni and representing the most important complexes and objects of historical and cultural heritage are impossible without the involvement of the author’s unique information. Descriptions and reconstructions of fortifications that ignore topography and other details reported by this unique source are a priori incomplete or may even be erroneous. The historic-geographical information recorded on the Rizzi-Zannoni maps is of enormous multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary significance. Its consideration is important for modern and future studies of geography, history, archaeology, architecture, culture, art, ethnography, linguistics, the toponymy of the region as a whole and each heritage site.
在rizzi - zanoni地图集中,中世纪的黑海要塞
由G.A.B. Rizzi-Zannoni于18世纪中期编辑并于1772年初出版的波兰地图集的独特地图是重要的科学资料。该地图集包含黑海北部和西北部地区历史地理的详细信息。特别重要的是摩尔达维亚及其邻近地区的独特地图(地图集的第23页,以及第22页和第24页),它是根据早期的资料编纂的-前人的丰富制图材料(G.L. Beauplan, D.K. Cantemir和其他人),首先是奥斯曼帝国制图师的作品,它在15 - 17世纪蓬勃发展,尚未被确定或研究。Rizzi-Zannoni的作品是对黑海西北部地区最古老(目前发现的)地形图的复制,反映了不迟于16世纪上半叶至17世纪下半叶的地理图景。在Rizzi-Zannoni地图上标出的防御工事(城堡、堡垒和其他防御工事)是历史和文化遗产中最重要的建筑群和对象,如果没有作者的独特资料,就不可能进行当前和进一步的研究。对防御工事的描述和重建,如果忽视地形和这一独特来源所报告的其他细节,则是先天不完整的,甚至可能是错误的。Rizzi-Zannoni地图上记录的历史地理信息具有巨大的多学科和跨学科意义。它的考虑对于现代和未来的地理、历史、考古、建筑、文化、艺术、民族志、语言学、整个地区的地名和每个遗产地的研究都很重要。
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