Interplay of Nutrients and Muscle Myokines on the Preventive Health for Obesity Disorders

Abstract

Physical exercise seems to be an effective tool in enhancing the functional health of the various systems of the body and the consequent health status of individuals. Physical inactivity could foster for flaring up of inflammatory mechanisms that might affect different tissues negatively and could lead to severe debilitating health conditions. Though the physical exercise could play pivotal role in securing the preventive health, the science of disease reiterates that there seems a systematic inter connectivity among molecular responses that make the bioenvironment so dynamic, may respond differently and or in inter-connected manner to several epigenetic factors like exercise, nutrition, stress, environment etc. and could show rhetoric impact on the genetic expression, thereby influencing the preventive health of individuals. This rhetoric explains the need of studying the interactive epigenetic effects and consequent responses. Muscle secretum consisting of myocytes, myotubules and other skeletal muscle tissue environment produces cytokine like substances called myokines, that may initiate the cross talk among the various tissues of the body acting in autocrine, paracrine and endocrine manner. Several hundreds of such myokines are identified by researchers and attributed with different functions through the control of the signaling cascades of the metabolism. Some myokines may act directly as signaling molecules while some other are seen as co-factors for other signaling molecules thereby effecting changes in the bioenvironment of the individuals. These exercise factors may be released by the skeletal muscles differently depending on the intensity, duration and type of exercise undertaken. Aerobic and anaerobic exercises undertaken at different intensities cause for the secretion of different myokines which might bring different signaling effects and cause for different changes. Hence, aerobic running might cause for the secretion of certain types of myokines whereas the high intensity anaerobic running could cause for certain other myokine secretion. Resistance training showed different myokines released from the skeletal muscle. The physiology of muscle fibers may also influence the type of myokine secretion and its quality. Different muscle fibers may cause to produce different myokines. Exercise has an innate effect that would foster bioenvironment so favorably, to equip higher readiness for the next bout of exercise program by bringing several super compensation effects. These super compensation effects of exercise may be brought by the secretion of myokines which would influence the metabolic cascades for the above purpose. Higher exercise potential of the individuals may be achieved through regular bouts of physical training that is conducted very scientifically that would cause for several physiological changes. The readiness for higher exercise potential indicates the higher functional health of the different organs of the body and this would mostly be accompanied by higher order preventive health status for the individuals. This readiness may be achieved by enhanced anti-inflammatory status, enhanced anti-oxidative status, better arterial endothelial restitution, enhanced angiogenesis, increased substrate super compensation, enhanced positive protein turnover, enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, enhanced lipolytic cascades, enhanced mitochondrial enzymatic reactions, enhanced brain and hormonal axes and several such positive effects. Myokines or exercise factors might influence to bring these conditions, generally not in isolation but in combination and also release of different myokines are observed as a result of exercise program. Crimson Publishers Wings to the Research Opinion