Pengaruh Temperatur dan Arus Listrik Proses Pelapisan Krom Pada Plastik ABS Dengan Metode Elektroplating

Abstract

Elektroplating pada plastik berfungsi menambah sifat konduktif dan dekoratif. Plastik ABS memiliki tingkat keberhasilan untuk dilakukan elektroplating karena dapat dietsa secara kimiawi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh temperatur dan arus listrik proses elektroplating krom terhadap ketebalan lapisan dan kekasaran permukaan. Proses elektroplating pada plastik ABS diawali dengan proses etching , proses metalisasi palladium, dan electrolessplating nikel. Variasi arus proses elektroplating krom yang dilakukan adalah 11 A, 16 A, dan 22 A sedangkan variasi temperatur adalah 55 o C, 65 o C, dan 75 o C. Pengamatan hasil pelapisan meliputi pengamatan struktur mikro menggunakan mikroskop optic dan SEM, ketebalan lapisan, kekasaran permukaan dan kekerasan permukaan. Semakin besar arus proses elektroplating dapat meningkatkan kekasaran permukaan dan ketebalan lapisan. Proses elektroplating dengan arus 22 A menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan 0,493 µm dan ketebalan lapisan sebesar 60,61 µm. Peningkatan temperatur proses elektroplating sampai temperatur 75 o C akan menurunkan nilai kekasaran permukaan sebesar 0,40 μm dan ketebalan lapisan sebesar 21,53 μm. Variasi arus dan temperatur proses elektroplating tidak banyak berpengaruh terhadap nilai kekerasan yang berkisar antara 111 - 114 shore-D. Electroplating on plastic serves to add conductive and decorative properties. ABS plastic has a high degree of success for electroplating because it can be chemically etched. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temperature and electric current on the chrome electroplating process on the thickness of the layer and surface roughness. The electroplating process on ABS plastic begins with the etching process, the palladium metallization process, and the nickel electroless-plating. The variation of the chromium electroplating process current is 11 A, 16 A, and 22 A while the temperature variation is 55 o C, 65 o C, and 75 o C. Observation of coating results includes observation of microstructure using optical microscopy and SEM, layer thickness, surface roughness and surface hardness. Coating research results include observations of microstructure and SEM, layer thickness, surface roughness and surface hardness. The greater the current electroplating process can increase surface roughness, thickness of the layer. Electroplating process with a current of 22 A produces a surface roughness of 0.493 µm and a layer thickness of 60.61 µm. Increasing the temperature of the electroplating process to a temperature of 75 o C will reduce the surface roughness value by 0.40 μm and the thickness of the layer by 21.53 μm. The variation of current and temperature of the electroplating process does not significantly affect the hardness values ranging from 111 - 114 shore-D.