META-SUBJECTIVE NATURE OF COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE: ONTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

А. I. Zhelnin
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Abstract

The article discusses issues related to the phenomenon of collective intelligence (CI). The relevance lies in the need to analyze the nature and status of CI, causes, mechanisms and consequences of its formation. The aim of the article is to critically analyze the main approaches to CI, to reveal its essence and subjective status. The research uses such methods as analysis and synthesis, general logical and systemic methods, methods of dialectics and synergetics. It is shown that unlike a purely technocratic approach, which mixes CI with the concepts of artificial intelligence (AI), neural networks, big data, etc., it can be understood in a purely humanistic way as an integral net of human minds. In view of the key role in it of the higher and actually human manifestations of consciousness (not only purely rational, but also non-rational), we can talk about the fundamental unartification of CI, the impossibility of identifying it with artificial intelligence (AI). As a synergy of a large number of human intelligences, it will apparently acquire emergent properties, expressed in the manifold increased intelligibility of its activity (if intelligence is understood as a sum of abilities aimed at successful adaptation and problem solving/decision-making). Special emergentism will be possessed by its goal-setting, which may not completely coincide with the partial goals of individuals. Being the unity of the latters, it, nevertheless, will not dissolve them and their personal consciousnesses in itself as a totality, since it will function according to distributed network principles and assume a system of «subject-subject» connections. In an optimistic scenario, CI is able to translate the development of civilization into a new, controlled format, resolving global problems which are beyond the ability of local actors. Although the elements of control and coercion from CI are quite possible, it won’t turn into force that becomes objectifying for individuals because it will consist of them. The people themselves, their diverse groups and communities remain subjects and the CI will become subject that is just more intelligently potent and fractal in its nature, a meta-subject.
集体智慧的元主体性:本体论分析
本文讨论了集体智慧现象的相关问题。其相关性在于需要分析CI的性质和地位,以及CI形成的原因、机制和后果。本文的目的是批判性地分析CI的主要方法,揭示其本质和主观地位。本研究运用了分析与综合、一般逻辑与系统、辩证法与协同法等方法。它表明,与纯粹的技术官僚方法不同,它将CI与人工智能(AI),神经网络,大数据等概念混合在一起,它可以以纯粹人文的方式理解为人类思想的整体网络。鉴于意识的高级和实际的人类表现(不仅是纯理性的,而且是非理性的)在其中的关键作用,我们可以谈论CI的基本非人为化,即不可能将其与人工智能(AI)相识别。作为大量人类智能的协同作用,它显然会获得涌现特性,表现为其活动的多种可理解性(如果智能被理解为旨在成功适应和解决问题/决策的能力的总和)。特殊的紧急性将被其目标设定所拥有,其目标设定可能与个人的部分目标不完全一致。然而,作为后者的统一,它不会将他们和他们的个人意识作为一个整体溶解在自己身上,因为它将根据分布式网络原则运作,并承担一个“主体-主体”联系的系统。在乐观的情况下,CI能够将文明的发展转化为一种新的、可控的形式,解决超出当地行动者能力范围的全球问题。尽管来自CI的控制和强制元素是非常可能的,但它不会变成对个人物化的力量,因为它将由它们组成。人们自己,他们的不同群体和社区仍然是主体,而CI将成为一个更有智慧的主体,在本质上是分形的,一个元主体。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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