Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

The syndrome of combined emphysema of the upper lobes and fibrosis of the lower lobes on chest computed tomography results in a characteristic functional profile, with preserved lung volumes, hypoxemia at exercise. Despite subnormal spirometry, combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema is a severe entity. The presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension at diagnosis is a critical determinant of prognosis.