Urban Tree Leaf as Bio-indicator for Air Pollution around Superphosphate Fertilizers Plant, Upper Egypt

Abstract

For the purpose of this study, two common tree species namely: Ficus nitida and Eucalyptus golobulus were selected in the areas surrounding Asyut Superphosphate Fertilizer Plant, Upper Egypt. Physiological and anatomical responses of tree leaf due to airborne particles deposition were studied. Leaves exhibited reduction in their surface area, dry weight, chlorophyll contents, and an increase of carotenoids content. Anatomical features exhibited highly significant variations between control and polluted sites. All the measured parameters showed seasonal and plant species effects, where F. nitida appeared to be more sensitive than E. globulus. Correlation between leaf characteristics and the mass of captured leaf deposit reflects the existence of an association in between and the drastic conditions caused by the prevailing atmospheric pollution, recommend their using as biomarkers.