The Effect of Quercetin for Salt Induces Renal Fibrosis by Suppressing Collagen Production

Abstract

The bad effect of salt have been suspected for a least one hundred years. High salt intake increased production of TGF-β whereas TGF-β activates a receptor serine/threonine kinase (RS/TK). Through phosphorylation Smad2/3 and Co-Smad cascade, they recruited transcription factors and co-activator for initiates gene transcription for cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and extramatriks cellular production include collagen. This mechanism initiates renal fibrosis. This study was quasiexperimental research with post-test only group design. A subject was 24 male Wistar rat induced with two %/kgBB doses of NaCl 8%. The subjects were divided into six groups. NaCl 8% and quercetin were delivered by gavage daily for eight weeks. After treatment the kidneys were taken for quantification the collagen volume fraction were stained with picrosirius red then quantification by Image J software. The level of Glomerular volume collagen fraction group OO (3.78+0.12 %), NO (19.05+0.99 %), NK5 (19.42+3.19 %) NK10 (17.14+0.70 %) and NK20 (3.22+0.81). Tubular volume collagen fraction group OO (2.26+0.08 %), NO (9.79+0.53 %), NK5 (9.72+0.98 %), NK10 (5.25+0.49 %), NK20 (1.92+0.20 %). Our data indicate that quercetin may be suppressing the collage volume fraction with a significant difference in the dose of 20 mg/kg BB quercetin. Keyword: quercetin, TGF-β1, collagen volume fraction, NaCl, renal fibrosis. occurs over many months and years. Renal fibrosis is a significant cause of CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) ended with ESRD (End Stage Renal Disease) can lead to organ dysfunction or death. The ESRD patient must do organ transplantation to improve the condition, but patients often die before take a suitable organ [3-6]. Preliminary research showed that 8% NaCl supplementation in Wistar Kyoto Rats for eight weeks increased the levels of TGF-β1 and collagen volume fraction in the kidney, left ventricle, and arterial intramyocardial without any significant increase in blood pressure [7]. Quercetin is a compound flavonol group of 6 flavonoid subclasses. Flavonoids are a group of compounds in plants that have the same molecular structure of flavones. Quercetin has antioxidant effects, inhibits protein kinase, inhibits DNA topoisomerase and regulate gene expression [9]. 10 mg/kg bodyweight quercetin may inhibit the left ventricular hypertrophy through the increased expression of PPARγ and inhibition of AP-1 signaling pathway. Histopathological test results also showed that the group of spontaneous hypersensitive Rats (SHR) were given therapy quercetin 10 mg / kgBB had the lowest volume of collagen [10]. The C57BL/6J rats are a renal interstitial fibrosis model showed decrease level of TGF-β significantly by giving thiazolidinedione as PPARγ agonist [11]. Administration of quercetin may provide a new discourse use of flavonoid compounds in protecting against renal fibrosis due to excessive salt intake. We need to evaluate the protective effects of quercetin as renoprotective with measured levels collagen volume fraction as a marker for the development of fibrosis in the kidney.