Home-Base Charging Load Profiles of Battery Electric Trucks Considering Tour Completion and Time-of-Use Rates

Abstract

With California targeting all drayage trucks operating in the state to be zero-emitting by 2035, it is critical to model the quantities, locations, and load curves of medium-duty (MD) and heavy-duty (HD) electric vehicle (EV) chargers. This paper generates home-base charging load profiles using real-world activity data for a drayage truck fleet operating in Southern California. As a likely scenario, trucks with a battery capacity of 565 kWh were modeled charging at their home-base (i.e., fleet depot) at two power levels. We then consider constraints of energy needed to complete the next subsequent tour and Time-of-Use (TOU) energy rates. An uncontrolled baseline charging scenario was also modeled for comparison. Results suggest that a decrease of about 21% in energy charging cost can be achieved when comparing the baseline vs. constrained scenarios using a 50 k W power level. A similar decrease in cost was found when modeling a power level of 150 k W. In addition, the percentage of tours completed increased approximately by 10-12%, just by adjusting the charging power level. Finally, the proposed constrained scenarios decreased the number of required chargers by 2–3 on average when compared to their baseline cases.