ANALYSIS OF THE THERMOHALINE STRUCTURE IN THE ACTIVE LAYER OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ACCORDING TO THE CALCULATED HYDROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON REMOTE MEASUREMENTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BLACK SEA)

Abstract

Today, one of the priority scientific directions in marine sciences is the study of the spatial distribution of hydrophysical characteristics in the marine environment by remote measurements methods. To studying the spatio-temporal variability of water temperature and salinity in the active layer of the marine environment, it is necessary to use the data of their vertical and spatial distribution. Today there does not exist an easy way to get a in situ data for the analysis of the thermohaline structure in the marine environment. Indirect definitions of the vertical and spatial distribution of water temperature and salinity through the development of various methods for the calculation of thermohaline characteristics are used to date. Main purpose of this work is to study the thermohaline structure in the active layer of the Black Sea according to the calculated hydrophysical characteristics based on satellite and hydroacoustic data. The study of the vertical distribution of water temperature and salinity in the Black Sea was carried out in the deep-water part sea at standard levels (0, 10, 20, 25, 30, 50 meters) in the spring –autumn period. This area of research is represented by the highest number of measurements and is included in the Main Black Sea current zone. The calculations of thermohaline characteristics in the marine environment are based on the original methods of calculating the vertical distribution of water temperature, sound speed and salinity of water by satellite and hydroacoustic data. These methods were developed in the State Institute “Hydroacoustic Branch of Institute of Geophysics by S.I. Subbotin name of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”. Mathematical and physical-statistical methods of calculation were used in the developed methods. For the efficiency of calculations an Automated Program Complex (APC) for calculating the vertical distribution of temperature and salinity fields in the marine environment by satellite and hydroacoustic data has been developed and tested on the example of the Black Sea. The initial data for the calculations using the APC are only daily satellite data of the sea surface temperature. Based on the results of calculations of the APC, maps of the vertical distribution of temperature and salinity of water on zonal and meridional sections in the Black Sea in the period of spring – autumn 2018 were developed. Analysis of the results of calculations of the vertical distribution of thermohaline characteristics made it possible to identify the main features in these distributions. The features of the spatial-temporal distribution of thermohaline parameters have been analysed. The confirmation of the state of the thermohaline regime inherent in the Black Sea in the warm season was obtained. The results of calculations of the vertical distribution of thermohaline characteristics in the Black Sea deep-water area on the basis of satellite and hydroacoustic data using the developed methods showed the possibility and expediency of their application in the layer 0-50 meters in the period May-October for a detailed analysis of the state of the thermohaline structure. The developed methods and principles of building an the APC for calculation of vertical distribution of temperature and salinity fields of water according to satellite and hydroacoustic data can be applied for analysis and monitoring of others water area of the World Ocean taking into account their hydrological conditions.