A review of the Lower Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Alberta Basin and petroleum systems of the Lower Mannville Group in the southern Alberta Plain, Canada

Yongseok Choi, M. Kim, Hyojong Lee, Si Chan Hong
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Abstract

The Manville Group in the Alberta Basin, Canada, contains large amounts of hydrocarbon resources and has long been a target of petroleum exploration and production. However, there exists no standard stratigraphic classification system that can be applied for the basin-wide underground reservoirs and petroleum systems, mainly due to the limitations that most stratigraphic nomenclatures were defined by information obtained from underground boreholes. In this review, after extensive literature survey we reinterpret the spatio-temporal relationships of the Mannville Group and its correlative strata on the basis of the depositional history and stratigraphic context in the Alberta Plain region. It seems appropriate to distinguish the Deville Formation lying immediately above the sub-Mannville unconformity as a stratigraphic unit separated from the overlying Mannville Group and the underlying Jurassic strata based on its unconformable relationship both above and below and its depositional origin. The Basal Quartz, commonly used unofficially, is a stratigraphic unit referring to the lower Mannville strata beneath the Ostracod Beds. The Bluesky and the Wabiskaw sandstones in the Mannville Group are very similar to the Glauconitic Sandstone in terms of lithology, but their depositional histories are different from the latter. The former sandstones had been deposited during the overall transgressive stages, whereas the latter is a deposit that was formed during the following regressive stage after the deposition of the former sandstones. The main reservoirs in the southern Alberta region are the Basal Quartz sandstones, which represent fluvial channel sandstones that filled the main channels having a N-S orientation and dendritic tributary channels connected to the main channels. The main source rocks are interpreted to be organic matter-rich marine shales of the Jurassic Fernie Group. The Ostracod Beds are very poor in permeability and thus form a regional seal, forming stratigraphic traps in numerous areas.
加拿大阿尔伯塔平原南部阿尔伯塔盆地下白垩统地层及下Mannville群含油气系统研究进展
加拿大Alberta盆地的Manville Group蕴藏着大量的油气资源,长期以来一直是石油勘探和生产的目标。然而,目前还没有适用于全盆地地下储层和含油气系统的标准地层分类体系,这主要是由于大多数地层命名是根据地下钻孔资料确定的。在广泛查阅文献的基础上,根据阿尔伯塔平原地区的沉积历史和地层背景,重新解释了Mannville群及其相关地层的时空关系。将位于亚曼维尔不整合之上的德维尔组区分为与上覆曼维尔群和下伏侏罗系地层分离的地层单元,从其上下不整合关系和沉积起源来看似乎是合适的。基底石英,通常非官方使用,是一个地层单位,指介形虫层下的下层曼维尔地层。Mannville群中的Bluesky砂岩和wabisow砂岩在岩性上与海绿石砂岩非常相似,但其沉积历史与海绿石砂岩不同。前者是在整体海侵阶段沉积的,后者是在前者沉积后的下一个退步阶段形成的。南Alberta地区的主要储层为基底石英砂岩,主要表现为N-S向的河流河道砂岩和与主河道相连的枝状支流。主要烃源岩为侏罗系富有机质海相页岩。介形虫层渗透性很差,形成区域性封闭,在许多地区形成地层圈闭。
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