Hiatal hernia – epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic

Abstract

Hiatal hernia is a common pathology in the field of surgery, the frequency of occurrence increases along with age. It is caused by an increase anintra-abdominal pressure and weakening of the diaphragm crura tissues. Sliding hiatal hernia and paraoesophageal hernia are distinguished. Patients with diaphragmatic hernia reveal many non-specific symptoms which causes delay of proper treatment in favors of the treatment due to other diseases. The most frequently, patients present symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux and are treated conservatively with proton pump inhibitors. Epidemiology of hiatal hernia occurrence has been analyzed along with their pathogenesis, symptomatology, the most frequently used diagnostic methods and therapeutic possibilities. The type of applied procedure should depend on the size and type of hernia, preoperative symptoms and co-morbidities and current scientific reports. Surgical treatment brings satisfying therapeutic results and is connected with law risk of complications.