A Brief History of Pullout Testing with Particular Reference to Canada - A Personal Journey

Abstract

This paper describes how, from the 1930s to the 1970s, a number of researchers in Russia, the U.S., and Canada worked on the development of a reliable pullout test. In Denmark, Kierkegaard-Hansen’s research first established pullout insert dimensions that resulted in a straight line relationship between the pullout force and compressive strength. This led to the development by Germann-Petersen of a portable tester suitable for site use. Subsequently, the procedure proved effective in assuring safe form removal times at early ages and in the acceleration of construction schedules. Experience worldwide over the last 30 years has established the usefulness of the test and it has been standardized in many countries.