Effects of Plant Spacing and Time of Harvesting on Yield and Tuber Size Distribution of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) Variety Southeast Ethiopia

Demis Fikre Limeneh, F. Mengistu, Gizaw Wegayehu Tilahun, Dasta Tsagaye Galalcha, Awoke Ali Zeleke, Nimona Fufa Hundie
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Abstract

Potato is one of the most important crops in the farming system of Bekoji and Kofele in the cool highlands of Arsi where potato is usually grown biennially during the main and ‘bulg’ seasons. ‘Belete’ has been the dominant potato variety in these areas for the last ten years now and farmers prefer to grow this variety for its high productivity and resistance to late blight disease. Nevertheless, farmers have complaints on its big sized tubers, considered as unmarketable, which costs them more seed to cover a given area of land and less suitable for cooking. Besides, farmers often use random population density and time of harvesting, which also contribute to this problem. The present study was therefore intended to manage the tubers’ size distribution of this variety without negatively affecting the yield of the crop through modifying plant spacing and time of harvesting from previously recommended practices. Twelve combinations of four plant spacing and three time of harvesting were studied on variety “Belete’ at Bekoji and Kofele in the main seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design with 4x3 factorial arrangement in three replications. The analysis of variance revealed that the interaction effect of spacing and time of harvesting significantly (p<0.001) affected the marketable tuber yields. The narrow spacing (60cmx20cm) or high population treatment (83,333 plants/ha) with 120 days after planting resulted in the highest marketable and total tuber yield compared to the rest. While the least yields were recorded from the wider spacing of 75cmx30cm (44,444plants/ha) and early harvesting (90 days). The spacing 60cmx20cm did 17.2% increment in marketable yield over the previously recommended spacing of potato (75cmx30cm, 44,444plants/ha). From this study, therefore, it can be recommended for Belete that the narrow spacing of 60cmx20cm and harvesting at 120 days after planting could be the optimum spacing and time of harvesting to produce marketable tubers.
埃塞俄比亚东南部马铃薯株距和采收时间对产量和块茎大小分布的影响
马铃薯是位于阿尔西凉爽高地的Bekoji和Kofele农业系统中最重要的作物之一,马铃薯通常在主要和“膨大”季节两年种植一次。“Belete”在过去十年中一直是这些地区的主要马铃薯品种,农民更喜欢种植该品种,因为它具有高产和抗晚疫病的能力。然而,农民们抱怨它的块茎太大,被认为是滞销的,这需要他们在一定面积的土地上种植更多的种子,而且不太适合烹饪。此外,农民经常使用随机的人口密度和收获时间,这也导致了这个问题。因此,本研究旨在通过修改以前推荐的种植间距和收获时间来管理该品种的块茎大小分布,而不会对作物产量产生负面影响。在2018年和2019年的主要季节,在Bekoji和koofele对“Belete”品种进行了4种株距和3种收获时间的12种组合研究。试验采用完全随机区组设计,4 × 3阶乘排列,共3个重复。方差分析表明,采收间距和采收时间的互作效应显著(p<0.001)影响市场块茎产量。种植后120天,窄间距(60cmx20cm)或高群体处理(83333株/公顷)的块茎商品量和总产量最高。而较宽间距为75cm × 30cm(44,444株/公顷)和早期收获(90天)的产量最低。60cmx20cm的间距比之前推荐的马铃薯间距(75cmx30cm, 44,444株/公顷)增加了17.2%的可售产量。因此,本研究建议Belete块茎的最佳采收间距为60cmx20cm,种植后120天采收。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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