Ti:LiNbO3 Linear Interferometric Modulators and Photorefractive Effects

Abstract

Linear operation of a Ti:LiNbO3 channel waveguide interferometric modulator with asymmetric arms was previously demonstrated at 633 nm.1 Such a device, when driven by a dipole antenna and coupled with single mode fibers,2 would form an integrated optic electromagnetic field sensor. Much improved dynamic range has now been achieved at 830 nm using a single-polarization interferometer. We have also observed the effects of photorefractive induced index change (optical damage) on device performance.