Creativity in Sociocultural Systems

D. Simonton
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Abstract

Although psychologists typically see creativity as an individual-level event, sociologists and cultural anthropologists are more likely to view it as a sociocultural phenomenon. This phenomenon takes place at the level of relatively large and enduring collectives, such as cultures, nations, and even whole civilizations. This chapter reviews the extensive research on such macro-level creativity. The review begins with a historical overview before turning to the cross-sectional research on the creative Ortgeist, a subject that encompasses the factors that influence the relative creativity of both preliterate cultures and entire modern nations. From there the chapter turns to role of the Zeitgeist in affecting the creativity of civilizations across time—the rise and fall of creative activity. This research examines both quantitative and qualitative causes that operate both short- and long-term.
社会文化系统中的创造力
虽然心理学家通常将创造力视为个人层面的事件,但社会学家和文化人类学家更有可能将其视为一种社会文化现象。这种现象发生在相对较大和持久的集体层面,如文化、国家,甚至整个文明。本章回顾了对这种宏观层面创造力的广泛研究。回顾从历史概述开始,然后转向创造性创造性的横断面研究,这一主题包括影响前文字文化和整个现代国家的相对创造力的因素。从这里开始,本章转向时代精神在影响不同时期文明创造力方面的作用——创造性活动的兴衰。本研究考察了短期和长期的定量和定性原因。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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