Lessons learned from the first and second wave of COVID-19 Disease pandemic in India!

Abstract

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia is a heterogeneous disease with variable effect on lung parenchyma, airways, and vasculature leading to long-term effects on lung functions. Although the lung is the primary target organ involvement in COVID-19, many patients were shown pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of diseases variably during the first and second wave, which occurred as resultant pathophysiological effects of immune activation pathway and direct virus-induced lung damage.