Energy balance and energy availability of female basketball players during the preparation period.

IF 6.8 4区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Bengisu Çetiner-Okşin, Yasemin Güzel, Selin Aktitiz, Şükran Nazan Koşar, Hüseyin Hüsrev Turnagöl
{"title":"Energy balance and energy availability of female basketball players during the preparation period.","authors":"Bengisu Çetiner-Okşin,&nbsp;Yasemin Güzel,&nbsp;Selin Aktitiz,&nbsp;Şükran Nazan Koşar,&nbsp;Hüseyin Hüsrev Turnagöl","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2183432","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the level of energy balance and energy availability (EA) in female basketball players during the preparation period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen basketball players (age: 19.53 ± 1.3 years; height: 173.6 ± 8.95 cm; weight: 67.55 ± 14.34 kg; training experience: 9.6 ± 2.7 years) and 15 age and body mass index-matched controls (age: 19.53 ± 1.1 years; height: 169.4 ± 5.06 cm; weight: 63.10 ± 6.14 kg) participated in the study. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition were measured by the indirect calorimetric method and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, respectively. A 3-day food diary was used to determine macronutrients and energy intake while a 3-day physical activity log was used to determine energy expenditure. Independent Samples t-test was used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The daily energy intake and expenditure of female basketball players were 2136.5 ± 594.9 kcal·day<sup>-1</sup> and 2953.8 ± 614.5 kcal·day<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, indicating 817 ± 779 kcal·day<sup>-1</sup> of negative energy balance. One hundred percent and 66.6% of the athletes failed to meet the carbohydrate and protein intake recommendations, respectively. EA of female basketball players was 33.04 ± 15.69 kcal·fat free mass<sup>-1</sup>·day<sup>-1</sup> and the percentages of athletes who had negative energy balance, low EA, and reduced EA were 80%, 40%, and 46.7%, respectively. However, despite the low and decreased EA, the measured RMR to predicted RMR ratio (RMR<sub>ratio</sub>) was 1.31 ± 0.17 and the body fat percentage (BF%) was 31.00 ± 5.21%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that female basketball players have a negative energy balance during the preparation period which can be partly explained by insufficient carbohydrate intake. Although most of the athletes experienced low or reduced EA during the preparation period, the physiologically normal RMR<sub>ratio</sub> and relatively high BF% indicate that this is a transient situation. In this regard, strategies to prevent the development of low EA and negative energy balance during the preparation period will contribute to positive training adaptations throughout the competition period.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2023.2183432","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/2/27 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: To determine the level of energy balance and energy availability (EA) in female basketball players during the preparation period.

Methods: Fifteen basketball players (age: 19.53 ± 1.3 years; height: 173.6 ± 8.95 cm; weight: 67.55 ± 14.34 kg; training experience: 9.6 ± 2.7 years) and 15 age and body mass index-matched controls (age: 19.53 ± 1.1 years; height: 169.4 ± 5.06 cm; weight: 63.10 ± 6.14 kg) participated in the study. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition were measured by the indirect calorimetric method and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, respectively. A 3-day food diary was used to determine macronutrients and energy intake while a 3-day physical activity log was used to determine energy expenditure. Independent Samples t-test was used for data analysis.

Results: The daily energy intake and expenditure of female basketball players were 2136.5 ± 594.9 kcal·day-1 and 2953.8 ± 614.5 kcal·day-1, respectively, indicating 817 ± 779 kcal·day-1 of negative energy balance. One hundred percent and 66.6% of the athletes failed to meet the carbohydrate and protein intake recommendations, respectively. EA of female basketball players was 33.04 ± 15.69 kcal·fat free mass-1·day-1 and the percentages of athletes who had negative energy balance, low EA, and reduced EA were 80%, 40%, and 46.7%, respectively. However, despite the low and decreased EA, the measured RMR to predicted RMR ratio (RMRratio) was 1.31 ± 0.17 and the body fat percentage (BF%) was 31.00 ± 5.21%.

Conclusion: This study shows that female basketball players have a negative energy balance during the preparation period which can be partly explained by insufficient carbohydrate intake. Although most of the athletes experienced low or reduced EA during the preparation period, the physiologically normal RMRratio and relatively high BF% indicate that this is a transient situation. In this regard, strategies to prevent the development of low EA and negative energy balance during the preparation period will contribute to positive training adaptations throughout the competition period.

女子篮球运动员备战期间的能量平衡和能量利用率。
目的:了解女子篮球运动员备战期的能量平衡和能量利用率。方法:15名篮球运动员(年龄:19.53 ± 1.3 年;高度:173.6 ± 8.95 厘米重量:67.55 ± 14.34 公斤培训经验:9.6 ± 2.7 年龄)和15个年龄和体重指数匹配的对照组(年龄:19.53 ± 1.1 年;高度:169.4 ± 5.06 厘米重量:63.10 ± 6.14 kg)参与研究。采用间接量热法和双能x射线吸收法分别测定静息代谢率(RMR)和身体成分。3天的饮食日记用于确定大量营养素和能量摄入,而3天的体力活动日志用于确定能量消耗。数据分析采用独立样本t检验。结果:女子篮球运动员日能量摄入和消耗分别为2136.5 ± 594.9 kcal·day-1和2953.8 ± 614.5 kcal·day-1,表示817 ± 779 kcal·day-1负能量平衡。分别有100%和66.6%的运动员没有达到碳水化合物和蛋白质摄入的建议。女篮球运动员EA为33.04 ± 15.69 kcal·无脂肪质量-1·day-1,负能量平衡、低EA和降低EA的运动员比例分别为80%、40%和46.7%。然而,尽管EA较低且降低,但测量的RMR与预测的RMR之比(RMRratio)为1.31 ± 0.17,体脂百分比(BF%)为31.00 ± 5.21%。结论:本研究表明,女子篮球运动员在备战期间存在负能量平衡,这在一定程度上可以解释为碳水化合物摄入不足。尽管大多数运动员在备战期间EA较低或降低,但生理上正常的RMR比率和相对较高的BF%表明这是一种短暂的情况。在这方面,在备战期间防止低EA和负能量平衡发展的策略将有助于在整个比赛期间积极适应训练。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信