An Audience Facilitates Facial Feedback: A Social-Context Hypothesis Reconciling Original Study and Nonreplication.

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-03 DOI:10.1177/00332941231153975
R Hans Phaf, Mark Rotteveel
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Nonreplications of previously undisputed phenomena tend to leave a theoretical vacuum. This theoretical perspective seeks to fill the gap left by the failure to replicate unobtrusive facial feedback. In the emblematic original study, participants who held a pen between the teeth (i.e., requiring activity of the zygomaticus major muscle) rated cartoons more positively than participants who held the pen between the lips. We argue that the same social mechanisms (e.g., the presence of an audience) modulate facial feedback to emotion as are involved in the feed-forward shaping of facial actions by emotions. Differing social contexts could thus help explain the contrast between original findings and failures to obtain unobtrusive facial feedback. An exploratory analysis that included results only from (unobtrusive) facial-feedback studies without explicit reference to emotion in the facial manipulation provided preliminary support for this hypothesis. Studies with a social context (e.g., due to experimenter presence) showed a medium-sized aggregate facial-feedback effect, whereas studies without a social context (e.g., when facial actions were only filmed), revealed a small effect. Video awareness strengthened facial feedback considerably within an engaging social context, but seemed to reduce it without a social context. We provisionally conclude that a (pro-)social interpretation of facial actions facilitates feedback to (primarily positive) emotion, and suggest further research explicitly manipulating this context.

观众促进面部反馈:社会情境假说调和原创研究与非复制性
以往无可争议的现象得不到复制,往往会留下理论真空。这一理论视角试图填补因无法复制不引人注目的面部反馈而留下的空白。在具有象征意义的原始研究中,在牙齿间握笔(即需要颧大肌活动)的参与者比在嘴唇间握笔的参与者对动画片的评价更积极。我们认为,与情绪对面部动作的前馈影响一样,同样的社会机制(如有观众在场)也会调节面部对情绪的反馈。因此,不同的社会背景有助于解释原始研究结果与无法获得无干扰面部反馈之间的反差。一项探索性分析只包括了(无干扰的)面部反馈研究的结果,而没有明确提及面部操作中的情绪,这项分析为这一假设提供了初步支持。有社会背景的研究(例如,由于实验者在场)显示出中等规模的面部反馈综合效应,而没有社会背景的研究(例如,仅拍摄面部动作)则显示出较小的效应。在吸引人的社会背景下,视频意识大大加强了面部反馈,但在没有社会背景的情况下,视频意识似乎会削弱面部反馈。我们暂时得出的结论是,对面部动作的(亲)社会解释会促进对(主要是积极的)情绪的反馈,并建议进一步的研究明确操纵这种情境。
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来源期刊
Psychological Reports
Psychological Reports PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
4.30%
发文量
171
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